<p>We explore the occurrence of point configurations in non-meager Baire sets. A celebrated result of Steinhaus asserts that <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A+B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A-B\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contain an interval whenever <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> are sets of positive Lebesgue measure in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. A topological analogue attributed to Piccard asserts that both <i>AB</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(AB^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <msup> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contain an interval when <i>A</i>,&#xa0;<i>B</i> are non-meager Baire sets in a topological group. We explore generalizations of Piccard’s result to more complex point configurations and more abstract spaces. In the Euclidean setting, we show that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\subset \mathbb {R}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a non-meager Baire set and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P=\{v^i\}_{i\in \mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bounded sequence, then there is an interval of scalings <i>t</i> for which <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(tP+z\subset A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(z\in \mathbb {R}^d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. That is, the set <Equation ID="Equ5"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_Equ5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="321" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _P(A)=\{t&gt;0: \exists z{\text { such that }}tP+z\subset A\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>P</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>:</mo> <mo>∃</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">such</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">that</mi> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>has nonempty interior. More generally, if <i>V</i> is a topological vector space and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="124" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P=\{v^i\}_{i\in \mathbb {N}}\subset V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bounded sequence, we show that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\subset V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is non-meager and Baire, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _P(A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>P</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has nonempty interior. The notion of boundedness in this context is described below. Note that the sequence <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40687_2025_532_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>P</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> can be countably infinite, which distinguishes this result from its measure-theoretic analogue. In the context of the topological version of Erdős’ similarity conjecture, we show that bounded countable sets are universal in non-meager Baire sets.</p>

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Point configurations in sets of sufficient topological structure and a topological Erdős similarity conjecture

  • Alex McDonald,
  • Krystal Taylor

摘要

We explore the occurrence of point configurations in non-meager Baire sets. A celebrated result of Steinhaus asserts that \(A+B\) A + B and \(A-B\) A - B contain an interval whenever A and B are sets of positive Lebesgue measure in \(\mathbb {R}^d\) R d for \(d\ge 1\) d 1 . A topological analogue attributed to Piccard asserts that both AB and \(AB^{-1}\) A B - 1 contain an interval when AB are non-meager Baire sets in a topological group. We explore generalizations of Piccard’s result to more complex point configurations and more abstract spaces. In the Euclidean setting, we show that if \(A\subset \mathbb {R}^d\) A R d is a non-meager Baire set and \(P=\{v^i\}_{i\in \mathbb {N}}\) P = { v i } i N is a bounded sequence, then there is an interval of scalings t for which \(tP+z\subset A\) t P + z A for some \(z\in \mathbb {R}^d\) z R d . That is, the set \(\Delta _P(A)=\{t>0: \exists z{\text { such that }}tP+z\subset A\}\) Δ P ( A ) = { t > 0 : z such that t P + z A } has nonempty interior. More generally, if V is a topological vector space and \(P=\{v^i\}_{i\in \mathbb {N}}\subset V\) P = { v i } i N V is a bounded sequence, we show that if \(A\subset V\) A V is non-meager and Baire, then \(\Delta _P(A)\) Δ P ( A ) has nonempty interior. The notion of boundedness in this context is described below. Note that the sequence \(P\) P can be countably infinite, which distinguishes this result from its measure-theoretic analogue. In the context of the topological version of Erdős’ similarity conjecture, we show that bounded countable sets are universal in non-meager Baire sets.