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<p>Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable development since their advent. However, their long-term stability under thermal stress remains a critical barrier to commercialization. In particular, the common hole-transport material (HTM), Spiro-MeOTAD, is highly vulnerable to degradation within the operational temperature range of photovoltaic modules installed outside. Here, we demonstrate an optimized phase-change material (PCM)-based passive cooling strategy to mitigate this intrinsic thermal instability. Thermal degradation test revealed that device starts degraded above 55&#xa0;°C, with severe performance loss observed at 65&#xa0;°C, underscoring the need for thermal regulation within this range. To counteract this degradation, three paraffin-based PCMs—docosane (C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>46</sub>), tetracosane (C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>50</sub>), and octacosane (C<sub>28</sub>H<sub>58</sub>)—were selected, as their melting points are strategically positioned within 45–65&#xa0;°C. Finite-element thermal simulations accurately predicted the module temperature profiles, showing that tetracosane lowered the peak device temperature the most compared to the reference among selected PCMs. A heat-flux simulation chamber was developed to validate these predictions experimentally, confirming excellent agreement with simulations. Finally, accelerated aging tests demonstrated that tetracosane integration significantly improved PSC stability at 65&#xa0;°C, maintaining ~ 80% of the initial efficiency compared to &lt; 3.5% for control devices. This work establishes paraffin-based PCM integration as a practical and scalable approach for enhancing the thermal resilience of high-efficiency PSCs and provides material selection guidelines tailored to device operating environments.</p>

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Optimized Paraffin-Based Phase Change Cooling for Preventing Thermal Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Heeho Kim,
  • Shinhyun Kim,
  • Donghoon Ryu,
  • Jeongseok Oh,
  • Yong Whan Choi,
  • Dong In Yu,
  • Min-cheol Kim

摘要

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable development since their advent. However, their long-term stability under thermal stress remains a critical barrier to commercialization. In particular, the common hole-transport material (HTM), Spiro-MeOTAD, is highly vulnerable to degradation within the operational temperature range of photovoltaic modules installed outside. Here, we demonstrate an optimized phase-change material (PCM)-based passive cooling strategy to mitigate this intrinsic thermal instability. Thermal degradation test revealed that device starts degraded above 55 °C, with severe performance loss observed at 65 °C, underscoring the need for thermal regulation within this range. To counteract this degradation, three paraffin-based PCMs—docosane (C22H46), tetracosane (C24H50), and octacosane (C28H58)—were selected, as their melting points are strategically positioned within 45–65 °C. Finite-element thermal simulations accurately predicted the module temperature profiles, showing that tetracosane lowered the peak device temperature the most compared to the reference among selected PCMs. A heat-flux simulation chamber was developed to validate these predictions experimentally, confirming excellent agreement with simulations. Finally, accelerated aging tests demonstrated that tetracosane integration significantly improved PSC stability at 65 °C, maintaining ~ 80% of the initial efficiency compared to < 3.5% for control devices. This work establishes paraffin-based PCM integration as a practical and scalable approach for enhancing the thermal resilience of high-efficiency PSCs and provides material selection guidelines tailored to device operating environments.