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Purpose of Review <p>To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing tACS in treating insomnia. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for RCTs that included adults experiencing insomnia who received tACS compared to sham stimulation or routine care. Primary outcomes were sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. We assessed risk of bias with the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and ran meta analyses in RevMan. PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251080983.</p> Recent Findings <p> Four RCTs (296 participants) were included. Compared to sham, tACS improved global sleep quality significantly (PSQI mean difference [MD] –3.28, 95% CI –5.43 to –1.13), increased total sleep time of approximately 46 minutes (MD 0.77 h, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.27), and decreased sleep onset latency (MD –29.68 min, 95% CI –53.19 to–6.17). There were apparent improvements in PSQI subscales for daily disturbances and subjective sleep quality. Small and inconsistent effects were found for sleep efficiency. Some outcomes had high heterogeneity, but sensitivity analyses were consistent with the results.</p> Summary <p> tACS may improve sleep quality, sleep onset latency, and total sleep time in adults with insomnia. Larger trials with standardized methods are needed to confirm effects and safety.</p>

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Efficacy of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) in Treating Insomnia. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Momina Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Abdur Rehman,
  • Anas Mohammad,
  • Hafsa Zareen,
  • Aleena Tariq,
  • Muhammad Abdullah,
  • Fatima Nazir,
  • Ahmed Raza,
  • Kashaf ad Duja Awais

摘要

Purpose of Review

To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing tACS in treating insomnia. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for RCTs that included adults experiencing insomnia who received tACS compared to sham stimulation or routine care. Primary outcomes were sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. We assessed risk of bias with the Cochrane RoB 2 tool and ran meta analyses in RevMan. PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251080983.

Recent Findings

Four RCTs (296 participants) were included. Compared to sham, tACS improved global sleep quality significantly (PSQI mean difference [MD] –3.28, 95% CI –5.43 to –1.13), increased total sleep time of approximately 46 minutes (MD 0.77 h, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.27), and decreased sleep onset latency (MD –29.68 min, 95% CI –53.19 to–6.17). There were apparent improvements in PSQI subscales for daily disturbances and subjective sleep quality. Small and inconsistent effects were found for sleep efficiency. Some outcomes had high heterogeneity, but sensitivity analyses were consistent with the results.

Summary

tACS may improve sleep quality, sleep onset latency, and total sleep time in adults with insomnia. Larger trials with standardized methods are needed to confirm effects and safety.