Purpose of Review <p>Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder marked by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which significantly disrupts the processes involved in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. This review highlights impairments of sleep-dependent memory functions across different cognitive domains in patients with OSA and examines the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on mitigating memory deficits.</p> Recent Findings <p>Untreated OSA disrupts processes involved in sleep-dependent memory consolidation across all memory systems (declarative, non-declarative, and emotional) and can be detected in children as well as younger and older adults. Only a limited number of studies have examined the effect of CPAP on sleep-dependent memory consolidation and the evidence thus far suggests that long-term CPAP adherence is required to observe sleep-dependent memory improvements.</p> Summary <p>Our review underscores the importance of early identification of OSA given the short-term treatment benefits associated with improved sleep quality, such as increased alertness, and the additional benefit of long-term CPAP adherence in restoring memory systems. Integrating early OSA diagnosis and consistent CPAP adherence into cognitive health strategies could be critical for preserving memory and delaying age-related cognitive decline. Ongoing research into targeted therapies and the reversibility of OSA-related neural damage remains essential.</p>