The Influence of Cultural And Gender Roles On Child Abuse Among Immigrant Communities: A Scoping Review
摘要
Child abuse has increasingly received attention as a significant global public health and human rights concern. Although culture plays a significant role in child abuse, there are limited studies investigating the role of culture in childhood abuse among immigrant communities. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the evidence on cultural issues, including gender-related issues and child abuse, and explore how these cultural factors impact the outcomes of abuse. OVID Medline, OVID Embase, and OVID PsycINFO were searched comprehensively to retrieve eligible articles using predefined search terms that included gender or gender role and culture or cultural role and child abuse and witness or victimisation or perpetration and immigrant or culturally and linguistically diverse and related terms to locate articles. Additional articles were identified through manual searches. Of the 1366 records screened by title and abstract, 18 articles were included in the review. Among included studies reporting on different aspects of child abuse, the prevalence of physical violence ranged from 23 to 78%, while emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect ranged 5.2–19.1%, 3.9–13.7%, and 4.7–29.6% respectively. The findings indicated the existence of diverse practices of child physical abuse within the community. Furthermore, patriarchal social norms and cultural acceptance of child abuse were factors that are reported to increase the risk of child abuse. However, the relationship between acculturation and child abuse was inconsistent. Likewise, experiencing child abuse was related to negative mental wellbeing, perpetration of violence and failure to disclose abuse and seek support. Overall, the review identified substantial levels of child abuse among immigrant communities. Different cultural beliefs and gender-related norms were reported to influence the acceptability of child abuse and help-seeking behaviours among victims. To combat this issue, it is crucial to address cultural beliefs that condone child abuse through education and training. Additionally, the provision and enhancement of culturally sensitive services are vital to promote disclosure, prevent negative mental well-being, and break the cycle of violence within the communities.