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<p>Global climate change has led to increased frequency and severity of high-temperature, posing a substantial risk to agricultural productivity worldwide. As a primary abiotic stress factor, heat stress (HS) impairs critical physiological processes in plants, ultimately reducing crop yield and quality. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of HS response mechanisms and the development of thermotolerant crop varieties. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) act as molecular chaperones in plants, maintaining protein folding and stability under HS. HSPs are essential for protecting plants from thermal injury by preventing protein denaturation. Moreover, HSPs reduce reactive oxygen species accumulation, which helps mitigate cellular damage and maintain cellular homeostasis. The compartment-specific functions of HSPs across different cellular organelles are also investigated to provide insight into their spatial dynamics during heat treatment. Notably, HSPs mediate thermomemory through specific histone modifications and chromatin remodeling, enabling sustained transcriptional activation of HSPs during recurrent HS in plants. In addition, HSPs enhance thermotolerance by modulating hormone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling pathways. This review synthesizes current knowledge on HSP-mediated thermotolerance mechanisms and explores their potential applications in breeding strategies to enhance crop resilience under global warming scenarios.</p>

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Research advances in heat shock proteins and their roles in plant responses to heat stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Md. Atik Mas-ud,
  • Tao Wang,
  • Yanchun Zhu,
  • Nadeem Rujab,
  • Changxi Yin

摘要

Global climate change has led to increased frequency and severity of high-temperature, posing a substantial risk to agricultural productivity worldwide. As a primary abiotic stress factor, heat stress (HS) impairs critical physiological processes in plants, ultimately reducing crop yield and quality. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of HS response mechanisms and the development of thermotolerant crop varieties. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) act as molecular chaperones in plants, maintaining protein folding and stability under HS. HSPs are essential for protecting plants from thermal injury by preventing protein denaturation. Moreover, HSPs reduce reactive oxygen species accumulation, which helps mitigate cellular damage and maintain cellular homeostasis. The compartment-specific functions of HSPs across different cellular organelles are also investigated to provide insight into their spatial dynamics during heat treatment. Notably, HSPs mediate thermomemory through specific histone modifications and chromatin remodeling, enabling sustained transcriptional activation of HSPs during recurrent HS in plants. In addition, HSPs enhance thermotolerance by modulating hormone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling pathways. This review synthesizes current knowledge on HSP-mediated thermotolerance mechanisms and explores their potential applications in breeding strategies to enhance crop resilience under global warming scenarios.