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<p>Photoperiod is a key factor responsible for floral induction of sugarcane, which leads to yield losses due to redistribution of carbon resources from vegetative to reproductive tissues. Evidence suggests a relationship between photoperiod, carbohydrate metabolism and floral induction in most angiosperms through the regulated expression of homologs of the Arabidopsis <i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i> (<i>FT</i>) and <i>TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE</i> (<i>TPS</i>) genes. Nonetheless, the&#xa0;understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate flowering by photoperiod and sugars is still scarce in this important crop plant. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of changes in day length on the expression of orthologs of <i>FT</i> and <i>TPS</i> genes from sugarcane, as well as their relationship with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Sugarcane plants were subjected to non-inductive and inductive photoperiodic conditions to control flowering. Quantitative expression of <i>ScFT6</i>, an <i>FT</i> homolog, and two sugarcane TPS genes (<i>ScTPS1 and ScTPS6)</i> were evaluated. In addition, leaf gas exchange was analyzed, along with quantification of reducing sugars, starch and sucrose concentrations. Plants grown under these contrasting photoperiods exhibited differences in gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism. The inductive short-day photoperiod increased the&#xa0;expression of <i>ScFT6</i> and <i>ScTPS6</i>, and reduced the&#xa0;expression of <i>ScTPS1</i> compared to the non-inductive photoperiod. Both photosynthesis and concentrations of sucrose and reducing sugars increased under longer photoperiod, whereas starch concentrations increased as day length increased. We found that <i>ScTPS1</i> expression correlated more closely with&#xa0;photosynthesis, sucrose and reducing sugars, whereas <i>ScTPS6</i> and trehalose-6-phosphate, as well as <i>ScFT6,</i> expression was correlated with starch concentrations. Under photoperiodic control, the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in sugarcane may depend on a regulation between <i>ScTPS</i> genes and sugar concentration.</p>

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Contrasting photoperiods alter floral induction signaling and carbohydrate metabolism in sugarcane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Manoel Viana Linhares-Neto,
  • Pedro Vitor Schumacher,
  • Carlos Henrique Cardon,
  • Debora Domiciano,
  • Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro,
  • Murilo Fornari Junqueira Della Torre,
  • Muhammad Noman,
  • Joseph Colasanti,
  • Antonio Chalfun-Junior

摘要

Photoperiod is a key factor responsible for floral induction of sugarcane, which leads to yield losses due to redistribution of carbon resources from vegetative to reproductive tissues. Evidence suggests a relationship between photoperiod, carbohydrate metabolism and floral induction in most angiosperms through the regulated expression of homologs of the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (TPS) genes. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate flowering by photoperiod and sugars is still scarce in this important crop plant. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of changes in day length on the expression of orthologs of FT and TPS genes from sugarcane, as well as their relationship with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Sugarcane plants were subjected to non-inductive and inductive photoperiodic conditions to control flowering. Quantitative expression of ScFT6, an FT homolog, and two sugarcane TPS genes (ScTPS1 and ScTPS6) were evaluated. In addition, leaf gas exchange was analyzed, along with quantification of reducing sugars, starch and sucrose concentrations. Plants grown under these contrasting photoperiods exhibited differences in gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism. The inductive short-day photoperiod increased the expression of ScFT6 and ScTPS6, and reduced the expression of ScTPS1 compared to the non-inductive photoperiod. Both photosynthesis and concentrations of sucrose and reducing sugars increased under longer photoperiod, whereas starch concentrations increased as day length increased. We found that ScTPS1 expression correlated more closely with photosynthesis, sucrose and reducing sugars, whereas ScTPS6 and trehalose-6-phosphate, as well as ScFT6, expression was correlated with starch concentrations. Under photoperiodic control, the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in sugarcane may depend on a regulation between ScTPS genes and sugar concentration.