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<p>Plant-bacteria indirect interaction is a naturally occurring phenomenon however many aspects of this interaction remain unclear. In this study, the effects of bacterial inoculation were investigated by tissue culture experiments as indirect application to compare rice growth in saline conditions. Four isolates applied indirectly had 1.5-times greater shoot dry mass of rice under 100&#xa0;mM NaCl treatment. The isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, with sequences of type strains from the genus <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> aligned using MEGA11, followed by model testing and phylogenetic tree construction. HS-SPME/GC–MS experiment was performed to identify the microbial volatile organic compounds that possibly contribute to the effect of indirect application. A total of 23 compounds were detected with chemical classifications: benzenoids, alkylbenzenes, esters, thioesters, sulfur compounds, amines, organosilicon, alcohols, diakyl ketone, methyl ketone, sulfides, sulfide thioesters, and ketone sulfones. Ten compounds were selected based on GC peak area. Commercially available counterparts of selected VOCs were indirectly applied using concentrations at 1&#xa0;mM, 10&#xa0;mM, 100&#xa0;mM, and 1&#xa0;M. Shoot dry weight was greater when rice seedlings were exposed to the commercially purchased 1-Butanol, 2-methyl-, (S)- (2&#xa0;MB), detected in the HS-SPME/GC–MS of <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> sp. broth culture. Element analysis revealed significantly higher Mn, Fe, Zn shoot concentration in the rice seedlings exposed to 2&#xa0;MB compared to seedlings grown in 100&#xa0;mM NaCl without VOC exposure. The seedlings grown in 100&#xa0;mM NaCl also had lower K, Ca, Mg, P, and Cu shoot element concentrations. Significant relative gene expressions of <i>OsYSL15</i>, <i>OsNAS1</i>, <i>OsNAS2,</i> and <i>OsRMC</i> were observed in shoot rice seedlings exposed to 2&#xa0;MB in saline conditions. Thus, indirect interaction of environmental bacteria can influence plant physiology via microbial volatile organic compounds.</p>

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Stenotrophomonas sp. strain CK1 volatile organic compounds improved rice growth under saline conditions

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月6日

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  • Kristine Mae Y. Bentoy,
  • Shinta,
  • Mami Nampei,
  • Akihiro Ueda

摘要

Plant-bacteria indirect interaction is a naturally occurring phenomenon however many aspects of this interaction remain unclear. In this study, the effects of bacterial inoculation were investigated by tissue culture experiments as indirect application to compare rice growth in saline conditions. Four isolates applied indirectly had 1.5-times greater shoot dry mass of rice under 100 mM NaCl treatment. The isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, with sequences of type strains from the genus Stenotrophomonas aligned using MEGA11, followed by model testing and phylogenetic tree construction. HS-SPME/GC–MS experiment was performed to identify the microbial volatile organic compounds that possibly contribute to the effect of indirect application. A total of 23 compounds were detected with chemical classifications: benzenoids, alkylbenzenes, esters, thioesters, sulfur compounds, amines, organosilicon, alcohols, diakyl ketone, methyl ketone, sulfides, sulfide thioesters, and ketone sulfones. Ten compounds were selected based on GC peak area. Commercially available counterparts of selected VOCs were indirectly applied using concentrations at 1 mM, 10 mM, 100 mM, and 1 M. Shoot dry weight was greater when rice seedlings were exposed to the commercially purchased 1-Butanol, 2-methyl-, (S)- (2 MB), detected in the HS-SPME/GC–MS of Stenotrophomonas sp. broth culture. Element analysis revealed significantly higher Mn, Fe, Zn shoot concentration in the rice seedlings exposed to 2 MB compared to seedlings grown in 100 mM NaCl without VOC exposure. The seedlings grown in 100 mM NaCl also had lower K, Ca, Mg, P, and Cu shoot element concentrations. Significant relative gene expressions of OsYSL15, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, and OsRMC were observed in shoot rice seedlings exposed to 2 MB in saline conditions. Thus, indirect interaction of environmental bacteria can influence plant physiology via microbial volatile organic compounds.