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<p>The human microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and modulating physiological functions, including reproductive health. Recent studies have revealed distinct microbial communities within the gut, vagina, endometrium, and semen, all of which can significantly influence fertility in both sexes. In women, gut dysbiosis can alter oestrogen metabolism, contributing to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Furthermore, vaginal and endometrial microbiota, mainly dominated by <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, are crucial for maintaining a healthy reproductive environment and embryo implantation. In men, seminal microbiota also shows distinct compositions. Among these, some bacteria like <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> are linked to reduced sperm quality, particularly in cases of obesity and inflammatory conditions. Finally, alteration of microbial balance may negatively affect embryo implantation, pregnancy outcomes, and the success of assisted reproductive techniques (ART).</p>

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Microbiota e fertilità di coppia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Giuseppe Grande,
  • Gemma Fabozzi,
  • Rossella Mazzilli,
  • Andrea Graziani,
  • Alberto Ferlin

摘要

The human microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and modulating physiological functions, including reproductive health. Recent studies have revealed distinct microbial communities within the gut, vagina, endometrium, and semen, all of which can significantly influence fertility in both sexes. In women, gut dysbiosis can alter oestrogen metabolism, contributing to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Furthermore, vaginal and endometrial microbiota, mainly dominated by Lactobacillus species, are crucial for maintaining a healthy reproductive environment and embryo implantation. In men, seminal microbiota also shows distinct compositions. Among these, some bacteria like Prevotella and Pseudomonas are linked to reduced sperm quality, particularly in cases of obesity and inflammatory conditions. Finally, alteration of microbial balance may negatively affect embryo implantation, pregnancy outcomes, and the success of assisted reproductive techniques (ART).