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Background <p>In poultry, the nutritional status of the body significantly impacts sexual maturation. The hypothalamus, a key neuroendocrine regulator of energy metabolism and sexual maturation, integrates peripheral nutritional signals to modulate reproductive function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing this integration remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the influence of energetic status on hypothalamic function during sexual maturation in chickens.</p> Methods <p>In this study, chickens were supplied diets with different energy level. The hypothalamus of chickens at age of first egg and non-laying chickens at same age from different energy level groups were collected. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to determine the proteomics and metabolomics of hypothalamus.</p> Results <p>Dietary energy levels during the rearing period may modulate hypothalamic function of chicken by altering energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, as evidenced by the differential expression of hexokinase 1 (HK1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1), and glutamate, valine, leucine. Furthermore, dietary energy levels alter hypothalamic signaling pathways, with significant differences observed in the proteins, including glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), cholecystokinin (CCK), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), relaxin-3 (RFLB) across different energy groups. Notably, GABA and its receptors in the hypothalamus may mediate the regulation of energy metabolism signals on the reproductive center.</p> Conclusion <p>This study reports that the dietary energy level may affect the function of hypothalamus by altering energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. This study provides deeper insights into the impact of energy metabolism on sexual maturation, with implications for both animal husbandry and human medicine.</p>

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Integrated analysis of proteomics and metabolomics reveals interactions of energy metabolism and reproduction in hypothalamus of chicken during sexual maturation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Lingqian Yin,
  • Donghao Zhang,
  • Zhongzhen Lin,
  • Chunlin Yu,
  • Jingjing Li,
  • Feng Xu,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Chaowu Yang,
  • Yiping Liu

摘要

Background

In poultry, the nutritional status of the body significantly impacts sexual maturation. The hypothalamus, a key neuroendocrine regulator of energy metabolism and sexual maturation, integrates peripheral nutritional signals to modulate reproductive function. However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing this integration remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the influence of energetic status on hypothalamic function during sexual maturation in chickens.

Methods

In this study, chickens were supplied diets with different energy level. The hypothalamus of chickens at age of first egg and non-laying chickens at same age from different energy level groups were collected. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to determine the proteomics and metabolomics of hypothalamus.

Results

Dietary energy levels during the rearing period may modulate hypothalamic function of chicken by altering energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism, as evidenced by the differential expression of hexokinase 1 (HK1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1), and glutamate, valine, leucine. Furthermore, dietary energy levels alter hypothalamic signaling pathways, with significant differences observed in the proteins, including glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), cholecystokinin (CCK), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), relaxin-3 (RFLB) across different energy groups. Notably, GABA and its receptors in the hypothalamus may mediate the regulation of energy metabolism signals on the reproductive center.

Conclusion

This study reports that the dietary energy level may affect the function of hypothalamus by altering energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. This study provides deeper insights into the impact of energy metabolism on sexual maturation, with implications for both animal husbandry and human medicine.