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<p>The aims of this study are to examine the associations between discrimination experienced by children’s caregivers, socioeconomic factors (household income, caregiver education, and Child Opportunity Index [COI]), and child IQ. We also examined whether these associations differ for Black children’s caregivers and White children’s caregivers. Using Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program data, we analyzed the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS; range 4–24, higher score means more discrimination) scores of caregivers of children from 3 to 8 years and the full-scale IQ (FSIQ; range 40 to 160) scores of the children. Median EDS scores were compared by education and income category. FSIQ scores were compared separately for Black (<i>n</i> = 259) and White (<i>n</i> = 820) children across categories of household income, parental education, and COI (very low/low opportunity and moderate/high/very high opportunity). Multivariable generalized linear regressions were used to assess the characteristics associated with EDS scores and examine the impact of everyday discrimination on FSIQ when adjusting for these characteristics. EDS scores were not associated with FSIQ for either group (Black, β = 0.21 [95% confidence interval: -0.17, 0.60]; White, β=-0.18 [95% confidence interval: -0.52, 0.17]). There was no significant difference in the EDS scores of Black children’s caregivers across income categories (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). EDS scores were lower for Black children’s caregivers with a high school degree or less than for those with a bachelor’s degree (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The COI improved with household income. Most Black children’s caregivers with high income lived in lower-opportunity areas (74.3%). Although everyday discrimination was associated with caregiver education, neither everyday discrimination nor neighborhood opportunity explained inequities in IQ for Black children. New measures of interpersonal and structural racism might identify factors mediating race-based disparities in neurocognitive development.</p>

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Perceived Caregiver Discrimination and Neurocognitive Development: An Analysis from the ECHO Cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月3日

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  • Jennifer M. Porter,
  • Yana B. Feygin,
  • Craig Ziegler,
  • Michelle D. Stevenson,
  • Deborah Winders Davis,
  • Adaeze W. Nzegwu,
  • T. Michael O’Shea,
  • Susan Korrick,
  • Theda Rose,
  • Chang Liu,
  • Santiago Morales,
  • V. Faye Jones

摘要

The aims of this study are to examine the associations between discrimination experienced by children’s caregivers, socioeconomic factors (household income, caregiver education, and Child Opportunity Index [COI]), and child IQ. We also examined whether these associations differ for Black children’s caregivers and White children’s caregivers. Using Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program data, we analyzed the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS; range 4–24, higher score means more discrimination) scores of caregivers of children from 3 to 8 years and the full-scale IQ (FSIQ; range 40 to 160) scores of the children. Median EDS scores were compared by education and income category. FSIQ scores were compared separately for Black (n = 259) and White (n = 820) children across categories of household income, parental education, and COI (very low/low opportunity and moderate/high/very high opportunity). Multivariable generalized linear regressions were used to assess the characteristics associated with EDS scores and examine the impact of everyday discrimination on FSIQ when adjusting for these characteristics. EDS scores were not associated with FSIQ for either group (Black, β = 0.21 [95% confidence interval: -0.17, 0.60]; White, β=-0.18 [95% confidence interval: -0.52, 0.17]). There was no significant difference in the EDS scores of Black children’s caregivers across income categories (p > 0.05). EDS scores were lower for Black children’s caregivers with a high school degree or less than for those with a bachelor’s degree (p < 0.05). The COI improved with household income. Most Black children’s caregivers with high income lived in lower-opportunity areas (74.3%). Although everyday discrimination was associated with caregiver education, neither everyday discrimination nor neighborhood opportunity explained inequities in IQ for Black children. New measures of interpersonal and structural racism might identify factors mediating race-based disparities in neurocognitive development.