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<p>We analyzed data from Mapping Police Violence and the Washington Post, including 7,082 fatal police shootings in 3,125 counties between 2015—2022. We employed negative binomial regression models (NBRG) to estimate the association between income inequality and fatal shootings by race/ethnicity. All models controlled for county population density (population per square mile), age distribution, racial composition, and violent crime rates. We controlled for year and clustered the regression standard errors at the county level. On average at the county level, 0.3 (SD: 0.6) per 10,000 of the White population, 4.6 (SD: 37.4) per 10,000 of the Black population, and 0.8 (SD: 2.6) per 10,000 of the Hispanic population have been fatally shot by police, with an overall average of 0.20 (SD: 0.5) per 10,000 population. Regression findings indicated a strong association between income inequality and fatal police shootings, while violent crimes, and county racial composition were additional predictors<b>.</b> Policymakers must prioritize structural reforms and equitable resource allocation to reduce policing disparities and prevent unnecessary loss of life.</p>

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Understanding the Influence of Income Inequality and Violent Crime on Police Fatal Shootings in U.S. Counties: 2015—2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Hossein Zare,
  • Danielle R. Gilmore,
  • Shervin Assari,
  • Khushbu Balsara,
  • Ali Iftikhar,
  • Cassandra Crifasi

摘要

We analyzed data from Mapping Police Violence and the Washington Post, including 7,082 fatal police shootings in 3,125 counties between 2015—2022. We employed negative binomial regression models (NBRG) to estimate the association between income inequality and fatal shootings by race/ethnicity. All models controlled for county population density (population per square mile), age distribution, racial composition, and violent crime rates. We controlled for year and clustered the regression standard errors at the county level. On average at the county level, 0.3 (SD: 0.6) per 10,000 of the White population, 4.6 (SD: 37.4) per 10,000 of the Black population, and 0.8 (SD: 2.6) per 10,000 of the Hispanic population have been fatally shot by police, with an overall average of 0.20 (SD: 0.5) per 10,000 population. Regression findings indicated a strong association between income inequality and fatal police shootings, while violent crimes, and county racial composition were additional predictors. Policymakers must prioritize structural reforms and equitable resource allocation to reduce policing disparities and prevent unnecessary loss of life.