Barriers and Facilitators to Perinatal Care Access and Utilization among Black Multiparous Women in the United States: A Scoping Review
摘要
Black multiparous women in the U.S. face persistent, intersecting barriers to timely and adequate perinatal care, yet their unique experiences remain understudied.
ObjectiveTo explore multilevel barriers and facilitators to accessing and utilizing perinatal care among Black multiparous women in the U.S.
MethodsWe conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Literature searches were conducted across Medline, Embase, Scopus, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global through March 2025, yielding 29 eligible studies.
ResultsThematic Analysis revealed that delays in accessing and utilizing care stemmed from a complex interplay of multilevel factors. At the individual level, barriers included distress, diminished autonomy, prior traumatic birth experiences, and childcare responsibilities, while facilitators were health literacy, resilience, higher education, and self-advocacy. Interpersonal barriers involved feeling dismissed, disrespected, or devalued by providers, often manifesting as discrimination, mistreatment, and the loss of trust; facilitators include strong support systems, racially concordant care, and trust building. Community-level barriers comprised limited insurance coverage, long wait times, transportation challenges, and cultural disconnects in healthcare settings, whereas facilitators included convenient clinic hours, childcare services, outreach, and awareness programs. At the societal level, racism and pervasive stereotypes were key barriers, while strengthened health policy emerged as a facilitator.
ConclusionBlack multiparous women encounter multilevel barriers that delay access to and quality of perinatal care. Their perspectives are crucial to designing equitable and effective maternal health interventions that enhance care and reduce disparities.