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<p>Medical students face significant mental health challenges, with higher rates of depression and suicidal ideation compared to peers in other fields. These challenges are amplified for students of color, who encounter additional obstacles related to their racial and ethnic identity. Within this group, students underrepresented in medicine (UiM), defined by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) as Black, Mexican American, Native American, and mainland Puerto Rican populations, face particularly high levels of stress. More broadly, students of color also include individuals who identify as Hispanic/Latino, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, or Asian. While Asian students are considered students of color, they are not classified as UiM. To better understand and address these issues, we conducted a systematic review of the mental health experiences of medical students of color in the United States. Our review focused on burnout, imposter syndrome, microaggressions, social isolation, depression, and anxiety. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus for studies published between January 2014 and December 2024 identified 26 relevant studies. Medical students of color were found to experience significantly higher levels of burnout and imposter syndrome compared to their White peers. They were also at increased risk for major depressive disorder. Microaggressions and discrimination were strongly associated with heightened depressive symptoms. Repeated exposure contributed to absenteeism and considerations of academic withdrawal or transfer. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated these challenges, with increased levels of anxiety and depression among students of color. These findings highlight the need for institutional changes, including culturally competent mental health support, mentorship programs, and financial assistance. This review emphasizes the importance of addressing individual and systemic barriers to foster more inclusive environments that support the mental well-being and success of medical students from diverse backgrounds.</p>

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Beyond the Stethoscope: A Systematic Review of Mental Health Disparities among Medical Students of Color during Medical Training

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月15日

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  • Yashi Ballal,
  • Phoebe Hu,
  • Chinonye Eze,
  • Lenora Metuge,
  • Valerie Ohanu

摘要

Medical students face significant mental health challenges, with higher rates of depression and suicidal ideation compared to peers in other fields. These challenges are amplified for students of color, who encounter additional obstacles related to their racial and ethnic identity. Within this group, students underrepresented in medicine (UiM), defined by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) as Black, Mexican American, Native American, and mainland Puerto Rican populations, face particularly high levels of stress. More broadly, students of color also include individuals who identify as Hispanic/Latino, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, or Asian. While Asian students are considered students of color, they are not classified as UiM. To better understand and address these issues, we conducted a systematic review of the mental health experiences of medical students of color in the United States. Our review focused on burnout, imposter syndrome, microaggressions, social isolation, depression, and anxiety. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus for studies published between January 2014 and December 2024 identified 26 relevant studies. Medical students of color were found to experience significantly higher levels of burnout and imposter syndrome compared to their White peers. They were also at increased risk for major depressive disorder. Microaggressions and discrimination were strongly associated with heightened depressive symptoms. Repeated exposure contributed to absenteeism and considerations of academic withdrawal or transfer. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated these challenges, with increased levels of anxiety and depression among students of color. These findings highlight the need for institutional changes, including culturally competent mental health support, mentorship programs, and financial assistance. This review emphasizes the importance of addressing individual and systemic barriers to foster more inclusive environments that support the mental well-being and success of medical students from diverse backgrounds.