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Background <p>The contribution of modifiable risk factors to cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) among Hispanic/Latin (a,o,x) adults is unclear.</p> Objective <p>To determine the population attributable fraction (PAF), the proportion of MCI and AD/ADRD cases that would be eliminated with elimination of modifiable risk factors.</p> Methods <p>This was a cross-sectional analysis nested within a prospective cohort study (2018 - 2023) of Mexican American older adults. Logistic regression estimated the odds of probable MCI or AD/ADRD (defined by education-specific cutoff scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) associated with age, sex, education, medical comorbidities, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. We calculated the PAF for MCI and AD/ADRD associated with individual and combined risk factors.</p> Results <p>Among 1,272 participants, the prevalence of MCI was 48% and of AD/ADRD was 23%. Having no more than a high school education was associated with a PAF for MCI of 17% (95% CI, 10 - 24%) and a PAF for AD/ADRD of 52% (95% CI, 40 - 64%). Heart disease and diabetes were each associated with a PAF for MCI of 5% (95% CI, 3 – 7% and 95% CI, 1 – 10% respectively). A history of stroke was associated with a PAF for AD/ADRD of 7% (95% CI, 3 - 11%). The elimination of all modifiable risk factors was associated with 28% of MCI and 55% of AD/ADRD cases.</p> Discussion <p>Low educational attainment and cardiovascular comorbidities greatly contribute to cases of MCI and AD/ADRD among Mexican American adults.</p>

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Population Attributable Fraction for Cognitive Impairment in Mexican American Older Adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Mellanie V. Springer,
  • Wen Chang,
  • Steven G. Heeringa,
  • Emily M. Briceño,
  • Roshanak Mehdipanah,
  • Xavier F. Gonzales,
  • Nicholas Hartman,
  • Deborah A. Levine,
  • Kenneth M. Langa,
  • Darin B. Zahuranec,
  • Nelda Garcia,
  • Lewis B. Morgenstern

摘要

Background

The contribution of modifiable risk factors to cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) among Hispanic/Latin (a,o,x) adults is unclear.

Objective

To determine the population attributable fraction (PAF), the proportion of MCI and AD/ADRD cases that would be eliminated with elimination of modifiable risk factors.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional analysis nested within a prospective cohort study (2018 - 2023) of Mexican American older adults. Logistic regression estimated the odds of probable MCI or AD/ADRD (defined by education-specific cutoff scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) associated with age, sex, education, medical comorbidities, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. We calculated the PAF for MCI and AD/ADRD associated with individual and combined risk factors.

Results

Among 1,272 participants, the prevalence of MCI was 48% and of AD/ADRD was 23%. Having no more than a high school education was associated with a PAF for MCI of 17% (95% CI, 10 - 24%) and a PAF for AD/ADRD of 52% (95% CI, 40 - 64%). Heart disease and diabetes were each associated with a PAF for MCI of 5% (95% CI, 3 – 7% and 95% CI, 1 – 10% respectively). A history of stroke was associated with a PAF for AD/ADRD of 7% (95% CI, 3 - 11%). The elimination of all modifiable risk factors was associated with 28% of MCI and 55% of AD/ADRD cases.

Discussion

Low educational attainment and cardiovascular comorbidities greatly contribute to cases of MCI and AD/ADRD among Mexican American adults.