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Background and objectives <p>Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue that endangers women’s safety, security, and well-being globally. Women with lower economic status are more vulnerable to IPV, particularly in developing countries. This study explores the disparity in IPV prevalence between economically disadvantaged (EDG) women and their more affluent counterparts.</p> Data and Method <p>The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) of India, 2019-21. The prevalence of IPV was estimated across various socio-demographic groups. Women who resided with their spouses or partners, who experienced any incident of domestic abuse up to the date of the interview, were included. Bivariate analysis and Fairlie decomposition method were employed to identify the observed difference in IPV prevalence between economically disadvantaged (EDG) and economically advantaged (EAG) women.</p> Findings <p>The study found that economically disadvantaged women in India are highly vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), with factors like economic status, education level, early marriage, and partner’s alcohol use contributing to this issue. The Fairlie decomposition analysis revealed that controlling behavior by husbands, alcohol use by husbands, and women’s educational status are the main factors driving the gap in IPV between poor and non-poor married women, accounting for 28.66%, 26.50%, and 15.69% of the disparity, respectively.</p> Policy Implications <p>To reduce intimate partner violence, it’s crucial to implement targeted interventions that empower women economically through education, job training, and legal awareness. Policies should address local issues like education gaps and regional disparities, while promoting gender equality through media campaigns and community awareness initiatives.</p>

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Decomposing the Economic Disparities in Intimate Partner Violence among Women in India: Evidence from NFHS-5

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Rahul Sen,
  • Moatula Ao,
  • Kanchan Paira

摘要

Background and objectives

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue that endangers women’s safety, security, and well-being globally. Women with lower economic status are more vulnerable to IPV, particularly in developing countries. This study explores the disparity in IPV prevalence between economically disadvantaged (EDG) women and their more affluent counterparts.

Data and Method

The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) of India, 2019-21. The prevalence of IPV was estimated across various socio-demographic groups. Women who resided with their spouses or partners, who experienced any incident of domestic abuse up to the date of the interview, were included. Bivariate analysis and Fairlie decomposition method were employed to identify the observed difference in IPV prevalence between economically disadvantaged (EDG) and economically advantaged (EAG) women.

Findings

The study found that economically disadvantaged women in India are highly vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), with factors like economic status, education level, early marriage, and partner’s alcohol use contributing to this issue. The Fairlie decomposition analysis revealed that controlling behavior by husbands, alcohol use by husbands, and women’s educational status are the main factors driving the gap in IPV between poor and non-poor married women, accounting for 28.66%, 26.50%, and 15.69% of the disparity, respectively.

Policy Implications

To reduce intimate partner violence, it’s crucial to implement targeted interventions that empower women economically through education, job training, and legal awareness. Policies should address local issues like education gaps and regional disparities, while promoting gender equality through media campaigns and community awareness initiatives.