Introduction Family planning (FP) methods allow women to attain their desired children. The spacing of their pregnancies can be achieved through the use of contraceptive methods. Modern contraceptive methods are crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goal target 3.7, which mandates universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. The patterns of use of contraceptives are varied due to the diverse socio-demographic and cultural aspects of India. This study aims to examine the trends, patterns, and factors associated with the type of methods of contraception in India over time. Methods The first to fifth rounds of National Family Health Survey data were used for the study. Univariate and bivariate analyses assessed trends and patterns of factors associated with contraceptive use. Multinomial logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression with ‘time’ as an interaction variable were used to examine the factors related to the type of methods and the influence of time upon the use of modern methods (MM) and traditional methods (TM) and its factors. Results The findings of this study showed that MM and TM have risen by 20%-points and 6%-points. The findings of this study show that after six years (1992–1998) to 27 years (1992–2019) of time intervals, the odds of using MM and TM have risen from 1.27 times to 2.34 times and 1.28 times to 3.49 times, respectively. Further, the study reveals that women aged 30–49, other castes, wealthier, more than two parity, ≤ 2 children, and those exposed to FP messages were more likely to use MM and TM. Muslim and Christian women were less likely to use MM. Younger (< 25 years), married before 22 years, and Scheduled Tribes women were less likely to use TM. Primary educated, Hindu, and south-region women were more likely to use MM. Married women aged 17–21 and Northeast region women were more likely to use TM over the years of the time interval. Conclusion Over three decades, MM and TM have increased significantly. Interaction with the ‘time’ showed that the likelihood of using MM and TM has risen from six to 27 years, showing a strong and significant association with factors and changing patterns of using MM and TM over time. These outcomes suggest that policymakers must prioritize the schemes to reach the family planning methods for every section of the vulnerable or marginal society or groups regarding access to contraceptives.

Patterns and Factors Associated with Type of Methods of Contraception in India from 1992–2021

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年5月24日

查看全文

Sanjay Kumar Pal,
Chander Shekhar

摘要

Introduction

Family planning (FP) methods allow women to attain their desired children. The spacing of their pregnancies can be achieved through the use of contraceptive methods. Modern contraceptive methods are crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goal target 3.7, which mandates universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. The patterns of use of contraceptives are varied due to the diverse socio-demographic and cultural aspects of India. This study aims to examine the trends, patterns, and factors associated with the type of methods of contraception in India over time.

Methods

The first to fifth rounds of National Family Health Survey data were used for the study. Univariate and bivariate analyses assessed trends and patterns of factors associated with contraceptive use. Multinomial logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression with ‘time’ as an interaction variable were used to examine the factors related to the type of methods and the influence of time upon the use of modern methods (MM) and traditional methods (TM) and its factors.

Results

The findings of this study showed that MM and TM have risen by 20%-points and 6%-points. The findings of this study show that after six years (1992–1998) to 27 years (1992–2019) of time intervals, the odds of using MM and TM have risen from 1.27 times to 2.34 times and 1.28 times to 3.49 times, respectively. Further, the study reveals that women aged 30–49, other castes, wealthier, more than two parity, ≤ 2 children, and those exposed to FP messages were more likely to use MM and TM. Muslim and Christian women were less likely to use MM. Younger (< 25 years), married before 22 years, and Scheduled Tribes women were less likely to use TM. Primary educated, Hindu, and south-region women were more likely to use MM. Married women aged 17–21 and Northeast region women were more likely to use TM over the years of the time interval.

Conclusion

Over three decades, MM and TM have increased significantly. Interaction with the ‘time’ showed that the likelihood of using MM and TM has risen from six to 27 years, showing a strong and significant association with factors and changing patterns of using MM and TM over time. These outcomes suggest that policymakers must prioritize the schemes to reach the family planning methods for every section of the vulnerable or marginal society or groups regarding access to contraceptives.