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<p>Export earnings and remittance income are the two primary sources of finance for Bangladesh’s economic growth. This study aims to investigate the impact of export earnings and remittance income on gender equality in Bangladesh, considering economic growth, financial development, life expectancy, and average schooling years as control variables. It employs an ARDL estimation strategy and cointegrating regressions using 33 years of annual data from 1990 to 2022. The findings reveal that export earnings significantly improve gender equality, while remittance income deteriorates it. These findings have significant implications for Bangladesh, suggesting that focusing on export earnings could be a key strategy for advancing gender equality. Of the control variables, financial development improves gender equality, and life expectancy hurts it, while economic growth and average schooling years remain insignificant in reducing gender inequality. The findings of the ARDL estimation are fully endorsed by the “fully modified OLS” and “canonical cointegrating regression” methods. The study is the first attempt to examine the relationship between export, remittance, and gender equality. The results hold significant implications for policymakers in Bangladesh. They should augment exports and leverage them to foster gender equality, encourage remittance recipient households to invest in women’s education and other forms of women’s development, spend more on education and take more comprehensive initiatives to empower women, give them equal opportunities and spaces in the workforce, support their reproductive health, and offer financial services to female business owners to support them and advance gender equality in society.</p>

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Do Export and Remittance Earnings Promote Gender Equality in Bangladesh? Evidence from an ARDL Experiment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月25日

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  • Umama Baida,
  • Md. Saiful Islam,
  • Tahir Akhtar

摘要

Export earnings and remittance income are the two primary sources of finance for Bangladesh’s economic growth. This study aims to investigate the impact of export earnings and remittance income on gender equality in Bangladesh, considering economic growth, financial development, life expectancy, and average schooling years as control variables. It employs an ARDL estimation strategy and cointegrating regressions using 33 years of annual data from 1990 to 2022. The findings reveal that export earnings significantly improve gender equality, while remittance income deteriorates it. These findings have significant implications for Bangladesh, suggesting that focusing on export earnings could be a key strategy for advancing gender equality. Of the control variables, financial development improves gender equality, and life expectancy hurts it, while economic growth and average schooling years remain insignificant in reducing gender inequality. The findings of the ARDL estimation are fully endorsed by the “fully modified OLS” and “canonical cointegrating regression” methods. The study is the first attempt to examine the relationship between export, remittance, and gender equality. The results hold significant implications for policymakers in Bangladesh. They should augment exports and leverage them to foster gender equality, encourage remittance recipient households to invest in women’s education and other forms of women’s development, spend more on education and take more comprehensive initiatives to empower women, give them equal opportunities and spaces in the workforce, support their reproductive health, and offer financial services to female business owners to support them and advance gender equality in society.