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<p>The study explores the determinants of antenatal care (ANC) utilization among women in India, focusing on socioeconomic and caste disparities using data from the NFHS-5 survey. This cross-sectional analysis included 159,597 ever-married mothers aged 15–49&#xa0;years. The study employed binary logistic regression to identify the factors associated with having at least four ANC visits, adjusting for influential and large residual observations, with particular emphasis on mothers from different caste groups. The study utilizes three models for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and other castes (OT) to compare the determinants within each category. The analysis revealed that mothers from SC (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.575–1.003) and OT (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.595–1.008) had lower odds of achieving the minimum recommended ANC visits compared to ST. Socioeconomic factors such as rich income category (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.190–1.871), smaller family size (AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.002–1.272), higher education (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.203–2.074), and those who face no problems in accessing health facilities (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.081–1.444) were positively associated with ANC utilization. Media exposure also enhanced the likelihood of ANC visits. Interestingly, the Islamic faith increased the odds of ANC utilization for ST mothers but had a varying impact on SC and OT mothers. The findings highlight persistent disparities in ANC utilization among different caste groups, underscoring the need for targeted public health interventions to improve maternal health outcomes in India. This study provides unique insights by focusing on the influence of caste and excluding influential observations and outliers, thus offering a refined understanding of ANC utilization determinants.</p>

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Exploring the Factors Influencing Antenatal Care Utilization in India: A Study on Socioeconomic and Caste Disparities, with Logistic Regression Analysis and Outlier Detection Using NFHS-5 Data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • Subhajeet Singh Sardar,
  • Subhasis Bhattacharya,
  • Mridul Mandal

摘要

The study explores the determinants of antenatal care (ANC) utilization among women in India, focusing on socioeconomic and caste disparities using data from the NFHS-5 survey. This cross-sectional analysis included 159,597 ever-married mothers aged 15–49 years. The study employed binary logistic regression to identify the factors associated with having at least four ANC visits, adjusting for influential and large residual observations, with particular emphasis on mothers from different caste groups. The study utilizes three models for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and other castes (OT) to compare the determinants within each category. The analysis revealed that mothers from SC (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.575–1.003) and OT (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.595–1.008) had lower odds of achieving the minimum recommended ANC visits compared to ST. Socioeconomic factors such as rich income category (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.190–1.871), smaller family size (AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.002–1.272), higher education (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.203–2.074), and those who face no problems in accessing health facilities (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.081–1.444) were positively associated with ANC utilization. Media exposure also enhanced the likelihood of ANC visits. Interestingly, the Islamic faith increased the odds of ANC utilization for ST mothers but had a varying impact on SC and OT mothers. The findings highlight persistent disparities in ANC utilization among different caste groups, underscoring the need for targeted public health interventions to improve maternal health outcomes in India. This study provides unique insights by focusing on the influence of caste and excluding influential observations and outliers, thus offering a refined understanding of ANC utilization determinants.