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Purpose of Review <p>Ocular herpesvirus infections caused by HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV can affect nearly every structure of the eye and remain a major cause of infectious vision loss. This review outlines the clinical spectrum, immune mechanisms, and emerging advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of herpesvirus-associated eye disease.</p> Recent Findings <p>Herpetic eye diseases involve distinct immune environments across ocular compartments. While antiviral therapies can suppress replication, they do not eliminate latent virus or reliably prevent recurrence. Advances in tissue-resident immunity, molecular diagnostics, and immunomodulation are reshaping management. Novel vaccine strategies, host-directed therapies, and interferon-based treatments are in development. Precision tools—such as tear-based omics, AI-driven imaging, and transcriptomics—are enabling earlier detection and personalized approaches.</p> Summary <p>Progress in HSV ocular disease management hinges on integrated strategies combining clinical insight, immunological understanding, and translational technologies to improve outcomes and prevent recurrence.</p>

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Seeing Through the Layers: Clinical, Immunological, and Diagnostic Advances in Ocular Herpesvirus Infections

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Nghi M. Nguyen,
  • Marusha Ather,
  • Christopher D. Conrady

摘要

Purpose of Review

Ocular herpesvirus infections caused by HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV can affect nearly every structure of the eye and remain a major cause of infectious vision loss. This review outlines the clinical spectrum, immune mechanisms, and emerging advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of herpesvirus-associated eye disease.

Recent Findings

Herpetic eye diseases involve distinct immune environments across ocular compartments. While antiviral therapies can suppress replication, they do not eliminate latent virus or reliably prevent recurrence. Advances in tissue-resident immunity, molecular diagnostics, and immunomodulation are reshaping management. Novel vaccine strategies, host-directed therapies, and interferon-based treatments are in development. Precision tools—such as tear-based omics, AI-driven imaging, and transcriptomics—are enabling earlier detection and personalized approaches.

Summary

Progress in HSV ocular disease management hinges on integrated strategies combining clinical insight, immunological understanding, and translational technologies to improve outcomes and prevent recurrence.