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<p>Wind-blown sandy ballast beds are complex particle systems formed by the interaction of multi-component mixed materials. Accurate discrete element modeling and analysis of sandy ballast beds rely on well-calibrated contact parameters among sand, ballast, and concrete materials. This study proposes a systematic calibration methodology that combines simulations with experimental tests to determine key contact parameters: coefficients of restitution, static friction, and rolling friction among different materials. A response surface method based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used to refine these three coefficients for sand-sand and ballast-ballast contacts, with the measured angle of repose as the objective. The optimal parameters for sand-sand are a coefficient of restitution of 0.25, static friction of 0.22, and rolling friction of 0.15. For ballast-ballast, the optimal values are a coefficient of restitution of 0.73, static friction of 0.79, and rolling friction of 0.12. Combined with particle-scaling theory, these parameters are applied to a discrete element method (DEM) simulation model of the sandy ballast bed consistent with field conditions. Validation tests on lateral resistance and support stiffness demonstrate strong alignment between simulation outcomes and field data, confirming the DEM model’s accuracy and parameter reliability. This study provides a reliable basis for analyzing the mechanical properties and service behavior of ballast beds in wind-blown sandy areas.</p>

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Multi-parameter DEM calibration for sand-containing railway ballast using particle scaling and response surface optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Hong Xiao,
  • Yihao Chi,
  • Weize Zhao,
  • Mahantesh M. Nadakatti,
  • Zhihai Zhang,
  • Hongyu Que

摘要

Wind-blown sandy ballast beds are complex particle systems formed by the interaction of multi-component mixed materials. Accurate discrete element modeling and analysis of sandy ballast beds rely on well-calibrated contact parameters among sand, ballast, and concrete materials. This study proposes a systematic calibration methodology that combines simulations with experimental tests to determine key contact parameters: coefficients of restitution, static friction, and rolling friction among different materials. A response surface method based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used to refine these three coefficients for sand-sand and ballast-ballast contacts, with the measured angle of repose as the objective. The optimal parameters for sand-sand are a coefficient of restitution of 0.25, static friction of 0.22, and rolling friction of 0.15. For ballast-ballast, the optimal values are a coefficient of restitution of 0.73, static friction of 0.79, and rolling friction of 0.12. Combined with particle-scaling theory, these parameters are applied to a discrete element method (DEM) simulation model of the sandy ballast bed consistent with field conditions. Validation tests on lateral resistance and support stiffness demonstrate strong alignment between simulation outcomes and field data, confirming the DEM model’s accuracy and parameter reliability. This study provides a reliable basis for analyzing the mechanical properties and service behavior of ballast beds in wind-blown sandy areas.