GIS-driven multi-phase simulation framework for assessing rainfall-triggered landslides using SPH-FDM techniques
摘要
Rainfall-induced landslides are critical geohazards that jeopardise infrastructure and human safety, emphasising the need for precise predictive models to enable effective management and mitigation strategies. This study introduces a GIS-enabled, multi-phase numerical framework that integrates smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for modelling landslide initiation and the finite difference method (FDM) for analysing post-failure mass flow dynamics. The SPH-based landslide initiation model (LIM) simulates rainfall infiltration and transient seepage effects on slope stability to identify potential failure zones. Subsequently, the FDM-based landslide propagation model (LPM) evaluates the kinematic behaviour of the failed material, providing detailed insights into post-failure mechanics. The framework was validated using benchmark scenarios to confirm its accuracy and robustness. It was then applied to a case study near a hydropower structure, where cumulative rainfall of 282 mm over six days resulted in significant deformation in approximately 7% of the 0.35 km2 study area. Depth of failure analysis estimated a release volume of 1.35