Inducible Urticaria: Are Challenge Tests Really Necessary?
摘要
This review aims to provide an updated overview of inducible urticarias (CindU), focusing on their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies including provocation tests and therapeutic advances. The goal is to clarify the role of standardized diagnostic procedures and highlight novel treatments for patients with refractory disease.
Recent FindingsCindU accounts for approximately 25% of chronic urticaria cases and encompasses several subtypes including symptomatic dermographism, cold, cholinergic, solar, and pressure urticaria. Diagnosis relies on detailed history, clinical examination, and provocation tests, although limitations such as refractory periods and lack of standardization persist. Advances in pathophysiology emphasize the role of mast cell and basophil activation, IgE signaling, and potential genetic factors. New therapies under evaluation such as cyclosporine, biologics (tezepelumab), and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors (remibrutinib, fenebrutinib) are expanding options beyond second-generation antihistamines and omalizumab, offering promise for refractory cases.
SummaryCindU represents a heterogeneous group of chronic urticarias triggered by physical or environmental stimuli, with significant impact on quality of life. Provocation tests remain the diagnostic gold standard but require improved standardization. Recent insights into immunopathogenesis are driving the development of targeted therapies that may reshape management strategies. Future research should prioritize identifying biomarkers to improve diagnosis and tailoring therapies based on disease mechanisms.