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Background <p>Food insecurity is a growing public health concern, particularly among older adults, as it has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including chronic diseases, sarcopenia and functional decline. However, its direct association with all-cause and premature mortality remains underexplored.</p> Aims <p>This study aims to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and mortality among individuals aged 50 years and older using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).</p> Methods <p>A longitudinal analysis was conducted using data from ELSA wave 2 (2004–2005), including 8,686 participants aged ≥ 50 years with available information on food insecurity. Food insecurity was assessed through a single-item self-reported measure. All-cause and early mortality were determined using linked mortality records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for key sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related confounders.</p> Results <p>During the follow-up period, food insecurity was significantly associated with a 41% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–2.82, <i>p</i> = 0.035) after full adjustment for confounders. Additionally, food insecurity was linked to a 126% increased risk of premature mortality (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.26–4.02, <i>p</i> = 0.006).</p> Discussion <p>Findings suggest that addressing food insecurity could represent a novel strategy to prevent sarcopenia and related mortality in older adults.</p> Conclusions <p>Given its significant public health implications, targeted interventions are essential to reduce food insecurity and its associated health burden, ultimately improving longevity and quality of life among aging populations.</p>

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Food insecurity as a predictor of all-cause mortality and premature mortality among older adults: a longitudinal cohort analysis of ELSA study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Vincenza Gianfredi,
  • Daniele Nucci,
  • Pinar Soysal,
  • Stefania Maggi,
  • Alberto Castagna,
  • Andrea Cozza,
  • Vincenzo Baldo,
  • Nicola Veronese

摘要

Background

Food insecurity is a growing public health concern, particularly among older adults, as it has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including chronic diseases, sarcopenia and functional decline. However, its direct association with all-cause and premature mortality remains underexplored.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and mortality among individuals aged 50 years and older using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Methods

A longitudinal analysis was conducted using data from ELSA wave 2 (2004–2005), including 8,686 participants aged ≥ 50 years with available information on food insecurity. Food insecurity was assessed through a single-item self-reported measure. All-cause and early mortality were determined using linked mortality records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for key sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related confounders.

Results

During the follow-up period, food insecurity was significantly associated with a 41% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–2.82, p = 0.035) after full adjustment for confounders. Additionally, food insecurity was linked to a 126% increased risk of premature mortality (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.26–4.02, p = 0.006).

Discussion

Findings suggest that addressing food insecurity could represent a novel strategy to prevent sarcopenia and related mortality in older adults.

Conclusions

Given its significant public health implications, targeted interventions are essential to reduce food insecurity and its associated health burden, ultimately improving longevity and quality of life among aging populations.