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Background <p>Verbal associative learning is a key component of episodic memory and is frequently impaired in the early phases of neurodegenerative brain disorders. The Paired-Associate Learning Test (PALT) test directly probes this function, and its clinical usefulness critically depends on the availability of contemporary, population-specific normative data.</p> Aims <p>To provide updated, regression-based normative data for the Italian PALT.</p> Methods <p>Participants (<i>N </i>= 317) were administered the PALT, consisting of eight semantically related and unrelated word pairs presented over three learning trials. Regression-based norms were derived in accordance with the Equivalent Score (ES) method.</p> Results <p>Age and education significantly predicted PALT scores. Up-to-date demographic adjustments, tolerance limits, and ES threshold were provided.</p> Conclusions <p>This work delivers updated, regression-based Italian norms for the PALT to be employed for the assessment of episodic memory in patients with neurodegenerative brain disorders.</p>

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Updated Italian norms for the Paired-Associate Learning Test (PALT)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Stefano Zago,
  • Thomas Rasi,
  • Edoardo Nicolò Aiello,
  • Francesca Frisco,
  • Giulia De Luca,
  • Beatrice Curti,
  • Arianna Moreschi,
  • Aurora Corso,
  • Teresa Difonzo,
  • Lorenzo Lorusso,
  • Anna Formenti,
  • Antonio Tetto,
  • Elisa Di Rosa,
  • Barbara Poletti,
  • Nadia Bolognini,
  • Paolo Caffarra

摘要

Background

Verbal associative learning is a key component of episodic memory and is frequently impaired in the early phases of neurodegenerative brain disorders. The Paired-Associate Learning Test (PALT) test directly probes this function, and its clinical usefulness critically depends on the availability of contemporary, population-specific normative data.

Aims

To provide updated, regression-based normative data for the Italian PALT.

Methods

Participants (N = 317) were administered the PALT, consisting of eight semantically related and unrelated word pairs presented over three learning trials. Regression-based norms were derived in accordance with the Equivalent Score (ES) method.

Results

Age and education significantly predicted PALT scores. Up-to-date demographic adjustments, tolerance limits, and ES threshold were provided.

Conclusions

This work delivers updated, regression-based Italian norms for the PALT to be employed for the assessment of episodic memory in patients with neurodegenerative brain disorders.