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Purpose of Review <p>This paper examines nuclear policy reversals across the EU-27 since 2022, asking what drives shifts in national positions and how Small Modular Reactors factor into energy strategies.</p> Recent Findings <p>Recent research identifies the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a key catalyst for policy change. East Central European countries are moving most decisively toward nuclear expansion, driven by coal phaseout and energy security. Western and Southern Europe show more mixed trajectories, with some reconsidering phaseouts or exploring SMRs, while others remain opposed. Across regions, rising electricity demand, price pressures, political realignments, and advances in reactor and waste technologies are shaping policy shifts.</p> Summary <p>The EU is not converging on a single nuclear pathway, with East Central Europe advancing deployment. Nuclear energy is increasingly framed as a pragmatic tool for energy security and decarbonization. Future research should assess technology standardization, financing models, and public acceptance as catalysts for long-term deployment.</p>

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Nuclear Policy Reversals and Small Modular Reactor Development in the European Union Since 2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Anna Broughel,
  • Yujia Xu,
  • Qimeng Yang

摘要

Purpose of Review

This paper examines nuclear policy reversals across the EU-27 since 2022, asking what drives shifts in national positions and how Small Modular Reactors factor into energy strategies.

Recent Findings

Recent research identifies the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a key catalyst for policy change. East Central European countries are moving most decisively toward nuclear expansion, driven by coal phaseout and energy security. Western and Southern Europe show more mixed trajectories, with some reconsidering phaseouts or exploring SMRs, while others remain opposed. Across regions, rising electricity demand, price pressures, political realignments, and advances in reactor and waste technologies are shaping policy shifts.

Summary

The EU is not converging on a single nuclear pathway, with East Central Europe advancing deployment. Nuclear energy is increasingly framed as a pragmatic tool for energy security and decarbonization. Future research should assess technology standardization, financing models, and public acceptance as catalysts for long-term deployment.