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<p>The dynamic performance of marl soil under cyclic loading was investigated through a comprehensive experimental program to evaluate the combined effects of lime and monofilament polypropylene (MPP) fibers on its mechanical and microstructural behavior. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on untreated and stabilized specimens containing different lime and fiber contents. Shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (ζ) were determined, while the governing mechanisms were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Lime treatment promoted the formation of pozzolanic C-(A)-S–H gels, enhancing particle bonding, increasing soil stiffness, and reducing internal deformation. The highest shear modulus was achieved with 6% lime and 0.5% MPP fibers, whereas increasing the fiber content to 1% reduced stiffness because of additional interparticle voids. Hybrid stabilization with 1% MPP fiber increased the damping ratio by up to 17% and 23% in specimens containing 2% and 6% lime, respectively. Microstructural observations confirmed the mechanical response and indicated that secondary ettringite formation increased interparticle spacing, contributing to greater energy dissipation during cyclic loading. Overall, hybrid lime–MPP fiber stabilization significantly enhanced the dynamic behavior of marl soil and provided microstructural evidence supporting its application in geotechnical systems subjected to repeated loading.</p>

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Dynamic and Microstructural Response of Marl Soil Stabilized with Hybrid Lime–Polypropylene Fiber under Cyclic Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Hamidreza Zare Dehabadi,
  • Maryam Mokhtari,
  • Mohammad Mehdi Khabiri,
  • Mohammad Amiri

摘要

The dynamic performance of marl soil under cyclic loading was investigated through a comprehensive experimental program to evaluate the combined effects of lime and monofilament polypropylene (MPP) fibers on its mechanical and microstructural behavior. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on untreated and stabilized specimens containing different lime and fiber contents. Shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (ζ) were determined, while the governing mechanisms were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Lime treatment promoted the formation of pozzolanic C-(A)-S–H gels, enhancing particle bonding, increasing soil stiffness, and reducing internal deformation. The highest shear modulus was achieved with 6% lime and 0.5% MPP fibers, whereas increasing the fiber content to 1% reduced stiffness because of additional interparticle voids. Hybrid stabilization with 1% MPP fiber increased the damping ratio by up to 17% and 23% in specimens containing 2% and 6% lime, respectively. Microstructural observations confirmed the mechanical response and indicated that secondary ettringite formation increased interparticle spacing, contributing to greater energy dissipation during cyclic loading. Overall, hybrid lime–MPP fiber stabilization significantly enhanced the dynamic behavior of marl soil and provided microstructural evidence supporting its application in geotechnical systems subjected to repeated loading.