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<p>The study presents an extensive numerical evaluation of thirty-six rock slopes using the Finite Element Method (FEM), employing Generalised Hoek–Brown (GHB) and Mohr–Coulomb (MC) failure criteria. Field investigations revealed that discontinuity-controlled planar and wedge failures, along with occasional rockfalls are prevalent due to adverse structural orientations. The documentation of frequent failures during the investigation phases along the highway, signify the role of geological, anthropogenic and climatic elements. Both GHB and MC criteria successfully predicted instability in several failed slopes, consistent with field observations. Comparative analysis of Critical strength reduction factor (C-SRF) demonstrates a strong correlation between the two criteria (R² = 0.82). A novel zone of agreement chart was developed which showed that both approaches produce comparable results for C-SRF values below 1.3, indicating relatively homogeneous rock mass behavior. However, at higher C-SRF values, the MC criterion systematically overestimates stability, highlighting its limitations in representing heterogeneous rock masses and localized failure mechanisms. The findings confirm that the non-linear GHB criterion provides more reliable stability predictions and better identifies critical slopes.</p>

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Finite Element-Based Stability Assessment of Himalayan Engineered Slopes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Pirzada Mohammad Haris,
  • Tariq Siddique,
  • Sarada Prasad Pradhan,
  • Saurabh Prakash Aher,
  • Harsh Varshney

摘要

The study presents an extensive numerical evaluation of thirty-six rock slopes using the Finite Element Method (FEM), employing Generalised Hoek–Brown (GHB) and Mohr–Coulomb (MC) failure criteria. Field investigations revealed that discontinuity-controlled planar and wedge failures, along with occasional rockfalls are prevalent due to adverse structural orientations. The documentation of frequent failures during the investigation phases along the highway, signify the role of geological, anthropogenic and climatic elements. Both GHB and MC criteria successfully predicted instability in several failed slopes, consistent with field observations. Comparative analysis of Critical strength reduction factor (C-SRF) demonstrates a strong correlation between the two criteria (R² = 0.82). A novel zone of agreement chart was developed which showed that both approaches produce comparable results for C-SRF values below 1.3, indicating relatively homogeneous rock mass behavior. However, at higher C-SRF values, the MC criterion systematically overestimates stability, highlighting its limitations in representing heterogeneous rock masses and localized failure mechanisms. The findings confirm that the non-linear GHB criterion provides more reliable stability predictions and better identifies critical slopes.