Pull-out Test of a Vertical Anchor plate, Numerical Analysis
摘要
This study examined the pull-out behavior of a vertical anchor plate embedded in purely cohesive soil using two-dimensional numerical modeling. The predicted pull-out forces were compared with theoretical solutions for simplified configurations to verify the accuracy of the numerical approach. A parametric analysis investigated the influence of soil cohesion and embedment depth on pull-out capacity and failure mechanisms. The results showed good agreement between numerical predictions and theoretical solutions in simple configurations. The pull-out force increased linearly with soil cohesion. For low cohesion values, failure was controlled by slippage along the anchor–soil interface, with resistance governed by mobilized interface shear strength. For higher cohesion levels, failure occurred through uplift of a soil block combined with interface shear resistance. The pull-out force also increased linearly with embedment depth. As this resistance is primarily governed by shear mobilization along the soil–anchor interface, it decreases when the boundary constraints at the upper surface are removed. This reduction is quantified using a reduction factor, Rf, which increases proportionally with soil cohesion. Meanwhile, the pull-out mechanism remains essentially unchanged as the normalized anchor length increases, resulting in an approximately constant reduction of about 6% across all tested L/B values.