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<p>Numerous rainfall-induced slope failures have demonstrated that short-duration to one-day continuous rainfall events can significantly alter subsurface hydraulic regimes and trigger landslides. This study investigates the transient seepage and stability performance of a reinforced slope subjected to rainfall infiltration using soil nailing and a hybrid anchoring system. Transient seepage analyses were conducted using the numerical model under initial conditions and after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24&#xa0;h of rainfall to simulate the evolution of pore-water pressure and total head distributions. The seepage results were subsequently coupled with slope stability analyses using the limit equilibrium model to evaluate the factor of safety at selected time intervals, namely initial, 1&#xa0;h, 6&#xa0;h, and 24&#xa0;h of rainfall. With continued rainfall for 2 to 4&#xa0;h the slope enters a transitional hydrological state in which rainfall-induced destabilisation mechanisms begin to develop. Following 24&#xa0;h of continuous rainfall, the elevated pore-water pressure substantially reduces effective stress and increases seepage forces, representing the most critical hydrological condition for slope instability and potential failure initiation. Soil nail performs effectively under saturated conditions, while the hybrid anchor demonstrates superior performance in unsaturated conditions, with the factor of safety exceeding 1.40 under all analysed conditions.</p>

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Numerical Analysis of Short-Term Rainfall‑Induced Transient Seepage and Stability Performance for Slope in Tropical Region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Diana Che Lat,
  • Rabiatul Adawiyah Mohd Rashid,
  • Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed Jais

摘要

Numerous rainfall-induced slope failures have demonstrated that short-duration to one-day continuous rainfall events can significantly alter subsurface hydraulic regimes and trigger landslides. This study investigates the transient seepage and stability performance of a reinforced slope subjected to rainfall infiltration using soil nailing and a hybrid anchoring system. Transient seepage analyses were conducted using the numerical model under initial conditions and after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h of rainfall to simulate the evolution of pore-water pressure and total head distributions. The seepage results were subsequently coupled with slope stability analyses using the limit equilibrium model to evaluate the factor of safety at selected time intervals, namely initial, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h of rainfall. With continued rainfall for 2 to 4 h the slope enters a transitional hydrological state in which rainfall-induced destabilisation mechanisms begin to develop. Following 24 h of continuous rainfall, the elevated pore-water pressure substantially reduces effective stress and increases seepage forces, representing the most critical hydrological condition for slope instability and potential failure initiation. Soil nail performs effectively under saturated conditions, while the hybrid anchor demonstrates superior performance in unsaturated conditions, with the factor of safety exceeding 1.40 under all analysed conditions.