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<p>An integrated analytical framework was developed to evaluate the time-dependent response of piled raft foundations (PRFs) subjected to groundwater drawdown. The formulation coupled Neuman’s transient well drawdown, axial pile load transfer, and raft–pile–soil interaction using Modified Mindlin’s theory to predict settlement, drag load development, neutral-plane depth, and time-dependent axial load redistribution. Validation against field data, centrifuge and numerical results showed good agreement. Parametric analyses quantified the effects of pumping rate, aquifer properties, hydraulic conductivity, radial distance from the drawdown source, and pile–soil relative stiffness on PRF performance. Results showed that pumping rate, vertical hydraulic conductivity, initial groundwater depth and pile–soil relative stiffness are the primary factors on settlement magnitude. Increasing the pumping rate produced more than a twofold increase in settlement. Higher hydraulic conductivity reduced settlement by approximately 80%. Deeper initial groundwater levels reduced settlement by more than 50%. Pile–soil relative stiffness strongly influenced time-dependent deformation. Specific yield and specific storage exerted a secondary influence. Negative skin friction governed the majority of axial loads and increased pile-head loads to 2.4 times the initial structural load. The framework provided a robust predictive tool for assessing the time-dependent settlement and load redistribution in PRFs during drawdown.</p>

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Response of Piled-Raft Foundation in Soft Soils under Groundwater Drawdown

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Indraneel Sengupta,
  • Sathiyamoorthy Rajesh,
  • Nihar Ranjan Patra

摘要

An integrated analytical framework was developed to evaluate the time-dependent response of piled raft foundations (PRFs) subjected to groundwater drawdown. The formulation coupled Neuman’s transient well drawdown, axial pile load transfer, and raft–pile–soil interaction using Modified Mindlin’s theory to predict settlement, drag load development, neutral-plane depth, and time-dependent axial load redistribution. Validation against field data, centrifuge and numerical results showed good agreement. Parametric analyses quantified the effects of pumping rate, aquifer properties, hydraulic conductivity, radial distance from the drawdown source, and pile–soil relative stiffness on PRF performance. Results showed that pumping rate, vertical hydraulic conductivity, initial groundwater depth and pile–soil relative stiffness are the primary factors on settlement magnitude. Increasing the pumping rate produced more than a twofold increase in settlement. Higher hydraulic conductivity reduced settlement by approximately 80%. Deeper initial groundwater levels reduced settlement by more than 50%. Pile–soil relative stiffness strongly influenced time-dependent deformation. Specific yield and specific storage exerted a secondary influence. Negative skin friction governed the majority of axial loads and increased pile-head loads to 2.4 times the initial structural load. The framework provided a robust predictive tool for assessing the time-dependent settlement and load redistribution in PRFs during drawdown.