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<p>Block-type deep soil mixing (BDSM) was employed to improve a Nevada sand layer for power plant foundations. Numerical simulations evaluated the seismic response using elastoplastic sand and elastic DSM columns. The models were subjected to Ricker wave excitation and near-fault ground motions with velocity pulses and forward directivity, with absorbing boundaries represented by free-field columns and viscous dampers. A parametric study investigated the effects of DSM thickness, width, and configuration. Increasing DSM thickness reduced horizontal accelerations, with a 10&#xa0;m-thick DSM decreasing horizontal acceleration amplitude by approximately 50% relative to free-field conditions. Thickness rises to 40&#xa0;m, amplifying vertical accelerations due to rocking motion by about 46%, suggesting an optimal depth of one-fifth of the average soil shear wavelength. Increasing the DSM width had little effect on horizontal accelerations, while widening from 21&#xa0;m to 42&#xa0;m reduced rocking-induced vertical accelerations by roughly 61%; further increases in width produced negligible additional reductions. Lattice-type DSM reduced horizontal accelerations similarly to block-type DSM, but vertical accelerations due to rocking increased by 24% and 55% in the two lattice configurations. Bidirectional seismic loading produced almost a fourfold increase in vertical accelerations within the critical 1–10&#xa0;Hz frequency range, despite having little effect on horizontal response.</p>

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Seismic Response and Uncertainty Quantification of Deep Soil Mixing-Improved Nevada Sand Under Unidirectional and Bidirectional Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Ali Yaghfoori,
  • Iradj Mahmoudzadeh Kani,
  • Hassan Yousefi

摘要

Block-type deep soil mixing (BDSM) was employed to improve a Nevada sand layer for power plant foundations. Numerical simulations evaluated the seismic response using elastoplastic sand and elastic DSM columns. The models were subjected to Ricker wave excitation and near-fault ground motions with velocity pulses and forward directivity, with absorbing boundaries represented by free-field columns and viscous dampers. A parametric study investigated the effects of DSM thickness, width, and configuration. Increasing DSM thickness reduced horizontal accelerations, with a 10 m-thick DSM decreasing horizontal acceleration amplitude by approximately 50% relative to free-field conditions. Thickness rises to 40 m, amplifying vertical accelerations due to rocking motion by about 46%, suggesting an optimal depth of one-fifth of the average soil shear wavelength. Increasing the DSM width had little effect on horizontal accelerations, while widening from 21 m to 42 m reduced rocking-induced vertical accelerations by roughly 61%; further increases in width produced negligible additional reductions. Lattice-type DSM reduced horizontal accelerations similarly to block-type DSM, but vertical accelerations due to rocking increased by 24% and 55% in the two lattice configurations. Bidirectional seismic loading produced almost a fourfold increase in vertical accelerations within the critical 1–10 Hz frequency range, despite having little effect on horizontal response.