A Three-Dimensional Geospatial Modelling of Soil Engineering Properties for Coastal Infrastructure Planning: the Case Study from Bengkulu, Indonesia
摘要
This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional geospatial modelling framework to analyse the engineering characteristics of soils along the coastal region of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, an area highly susceptible to seismic activity. The primary objective was to characterise the spatial variability of subsurface materials to support earthquake-resistant construction and risk mitigation. An inverse-distance-weighting interpolation technique was employed to integrate key geotechnical properties, including shear wave velocity, cone resistance, standard penetration resistance, cohesion, elastic modulus, and internal friction angle. Data obtained from sixty-five investigation sites were processed to construct detailed three-dimensional subsurface models. The results revealed three predominant soil layers, i.e., sand, clay, and soft rock, distributed at varying depths across the study area. Statistical analyses confirmed the model’s reliability and internal consistency, as supported by field observations. The findings indicated that sand layers were dominant along the coastal zones, suggesting a high susceptibility to liquefaction during seismic events. Compared with conventional two-dimensional mapping, the three-dimensional visualisation provided a more accurate and comprehensive representation of subsurface conditions. Overall, the proposed modelling approach improved the understanding of local geological structures and offered valuable guidance for safe infrastructure planning and sustainable coastal development in Bengkulu Province.