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<p>This study investigated the stability of shallow footings on geotextile-reinforced sandy slopes through a comprehensive numerical and statistical analysis. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate footing behavior under varying geometric, soil, and reinforcement conditions. The analysis systematically evaluated the influence of slope depth, setback ratio, internal friction angle, number of geotextile layers, and geotextile embedment ratio. Sensitivity analyses using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Kendall’s rank correlation identified the setback ratio, number of geotextile layers, and internal friction angle as the most significant parameters affecting the ultimate bearing capacity. This ranking was corroborated by machine learning interpretability using SHapley Additive exPlanations, which highlighted the dominant role of the setback ratio. Principal Component Analysis confirmed the underlying variable structure, with the first three principal components capturing over 70% of the total dataset variance. Stationarity tests verified data consistency. The results established that geotextile reinforcement significantly enhances footing performance, with optimal stability achieved when the setback ratio exceeds 2.0 and the reinforcement is placed at an embedment depth between 0.25 and 0.3 times the footing width. This optimized configuration offers a sustainable solution by minimizing excavation and material use.</p>

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Three-Dimensional Finite Element and Reliability Analysis of Shallow Footings on Geotextile-Stabilized Sandy Slopes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Danish Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Ajmal,
  • Tahar Ayadat,
  • Saidur Rahman Chowdhury,
  • Sani I. Abba

摘要

This study investigated the stability of shallow footings on geotextile-reinforced sandy slopes through a comprehensive numerical and statistical analysis. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate footing behavior under varying geometric, soil, and reinforcement conditions. The analysis systematically evaluated the influence of slope depth, setback ratio, internal friction angle, number of geotextile layers, and geotextile embedment ratio. Sensitivity analyses using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Kendall’s rank correlation identified the setback ratio, number of geotextile layers, and internal friction angle as the most significant parameters affecting the ultimate bearing capacity. This ranking was corroborated by machine learning interpretability using SHapley Additive exPlanations, which highlighted the dominant role of the setback ratio. Principal Component Analysis confirmed the underlying variable structure, with the first three principal components capturing over 70% of the total dataset variance. Stationarity tests verified data consistency. The results established that geotextile reinforcement significantly enhances footing performance, with optimal stability achieved when the setback ratio exceeds 2.0 and the reinforcement is placed at an embedment depth between 0.25 and 0.3 times the footing width. This optimized configuration offers a sustainable solution by minimizing excavation and material use.