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<p>Accurate prediction of foundation performance under combined vertical, moment, and lateral (<i>V-M-L</i>) loading is essential for the safe and economical design of piled raft foundations (PRFs) in sandy soils. This study employs a validated 3D FEM to evaluate the influence of key parameters, including the raft-soil stiffness ratio (K<sub>rs</sub>), pile length-to-width ratio (L/B), pile spacing-to-diameter ratio (S/D), and pile head condition, on the response of PRFs. Results indicate that increasing <i>K</i><sub><i>rs</i></sub> enhances lateral and moment capacity under vertical load. Improvements in <i>L/B</i> also yield substantial gains in lateral resistance, while variations in <i>S/D</i> and head fixity show moderate effects. Failure and design envelopes developed in normalized <i>L</i><sub><i>V</i></sub><i>–L</i><sub><i>L</i></sub> space exhibit nonlinear trends. Internal force analyses confirm that bending moments remain within the structural capacity of piles. The study provides design insights for optimizing PRFs under realistic combined loading conditions.</p>

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Performance Evaluation of Piled Raft Foundations Under Combined V-M-L Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Ujjawal Prakash,
  • Shashank Singh,
  • Shruti J. Shukla

摘要

Accurate prediction of foundation performance under combined vertical, moment, and lateral (V-M-L) loading is essential for the safe and economical design of piled raft foundations (PRFs) in sandy soils. This study employs a validated 3D FEM to evaluate the influence of key parameters, including the raft-soil stiffness ratio (Krs), pile length-to-width ratio (L/B), pile spacing-to-diameter ratio (S/D), and pile head condition, on the response of PRFs. Results indicate that increasing Krs enhances lateral and moment capacity under vertical load. Improvements in L/B also yield substantial gains in lateral resistance, while variations in S/D and head fixity show moderate effects. Failure and design envelopes developed in normalized LV–LL space exhibit nonlinear trends. Internal force analyses confirm that bending moments remain within the structural capacity of piles. The study provides design insights for optimizing PRFs under realistic combined loading conditions.