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<p>Quantum secret sharing (QSS) holds pivotal importance in quantum cryptography, with mutual identity authentication serving as a critical mechanism to fortify security by ensuring legitimate participant identification. In this paper, we propose a “(<i>x</i>,&#xa0;<i>r</i>)-threshold” (QSS) scheme that leverages <i>d</i>-dimensional “Bell states” and “single-qudit unitary” operations for secure information distribution. The protocol begins with Alice, the dealer, preparing a Bell state and splitting it into two particles. She retains one particle while transmitting the other to the participants. Subsequently, <i>x</i>-out-of-<i>r</i> participants engage in a sequential identity authentication process, applying unitary operations to validate their identities. The Bell states serve a dual purpose: they facilitate secret reconstruction while also enabling the detection of dishonest participants. Once eavesdropping and malicious activity are verified, the dealer applies a unitary transformation to the second Bell state particle and transmits it to the participants, enabling them to regenerate the secret. This approach enhances security by effectively detecting malicious participants, preventing unauthorized access, and offering improved flexibility, efficiency, and practicality compared to existing QSS methods.</p>

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Enhanced (x, r)-threshold quantum secret sharing (QSS) with mutual authentication and cheat detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Darshana Yadav

摘要

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) holds pivotal importance in quantum cryptography, with mutual identity authentication serving as a critical mechanism to fortify security by ensuring legitimate participant identification. In this paper, we propose a “(x, r)-threshold” (QSS) scheme that leverages d-dimensional “Bell states” and “single-qudit unitary” operations for secure information distribution. The protocol begins with Alice, the dealer, preparing a Bell state and splitting it into two particles. She retains one particle while transmitting the other to the participants. Subsequently, x-out-of-r participants engage in a sequential identity authentication process, applying unitary operations to validate their identities. The Bell states serve a dual purpose: they facilitate secret reconstruction while also enabling the detection of dishonest participants. Once eavesdropping and malicious activity are verified, the dealer applies a unitary transformation to the second Bell state particle and transmits it to the participants, enabling them to regenerate the secret. This approach enhances security by effectively detecting malicious participants, preventing unauthorized access, and offering improved flexibility, efficiency, and practicality compared to existing QSS methods.