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<p>Drought significantly limits plant growth and productivity by reducing water availability and disrupting physiological processes. Root system architecture and its plasticity play a vital role in plant adaptation to water limited environments by regulating soil water acquisition and resources allocation. Root plasticity enables dynamic modulation of key traits, including, root depth, growth angle, diameter, branching pattern, root hairs, and root-to-shoot ratio, allowing plants to optimize water uptake under variable soil moisture conditions. This review highlights recent advances in understanding of root trait plasticity by integrating anatomical, physiological, hormonal, and genetic mechanisms governing drought adaptations in crop plants. It also summarises, how coordinated changes in root architecture and their functions, determine plant resilience under transient and prolonged drought conditions. Major emphasis is on functional root traits, hormonal and molecular regulation, and their integration in to breeding strategies to improve drought stress tolerance. The review also highlights the importance of root trait trade-offs and specific root ideotypes for developing drought-resilient cultivars in different crops under changing climatic conditions. </p>

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Root system architecture plasticity is the key trait for drought stress adaptation in plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Mahesh Kumar,
  • Neeraj Kumar,
  • Ruchi Bansal,
  • Sudhir Kumar,
  • Yashpal,
  • Navinder Saini,
  • Soora N. Kumar,
  • Chinnusamy Viswanathan,
  • Madan Pal

摘要

Drought significantly limits plant growth and productivity by reducing water availability and disrupting physiological processes. Root system architecture and its plasticity play a vital role in plant adaptation to water limited environments by regulating soil water acquisition and resources allocation. Root plasticity enables dynamic modulation of key traits, including, root depth, growth angle, diameter, branching pattern, root hairs, and root-to-shoot ratio, allowing plants to optimize water uptake under variable soil moisture conditions. This review highlights recent advances in understanding of root trait plasticity by integrating anatomical, physiological, hormonal, and genetic mechanisms governing drought adaptations in crop plants. It also summarises, how coordinated changes in root architecture and their functions, determine plant resilience under transient and prolonged drought conditions. Major emphasis is on functional root traits, hormonal and molecular regulation, and their integration in to breeding strategies to improve drought stress tolerance. The review also highlights the importance of root trait trade-offs and specific root ideotypes for developing drought-resilient cultivars in different crops under changing climatic conditions.