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<p>Common bean is a major food crop and key protein source for over 300 million people, largely cultivated in drought-prone regions. Improving drought adaptation requires understanding genotypic variation in physiological efficiency, biomass allocation, and yield stability. This study aimed to identify traits and genotypes associated with superior performance under water limitation. A total of 22 genetically diverse genotypes including bush and climber types, market-class cultivars, and biofortified lines were evaluated under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) glasshouse conditions. Physiological traits [transpiration efficiency (TE), water-use efficiency (WUE), and SPAD at pod filling (SPAD_PF)], phenology, and agronomic traits [seed yield (SY), total biomass (TBM), and harvest index (HI)] were measured. Analyses focused on genotype × treatment interactions, trait relationships, and drought adaptation strategies. Significant genotype × treatment effects were detected for several traits, indicating diverse adaptive responses. Drought reduced SY by 46%, TBM by 38%, SPAD_PF by 23%, and HI by 11%. Under WW, SY was strongly associated with TBM (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76), whereas under WS it was more closely related to HI (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.46). Genotypes RWR 3194, COLTA (RW-BB186), and RWR 5070 performed best under WS, combining high TE, early maturity, chlorophyll retention, HI, and SY. TE, HI, and SPAD_PF emerged as reliable physiological markers for breeding drought-resilient bean. The strong WS performance of biofortified lines highlights the potential to combine climate resilience with nutritional enhancement for stable production in drought-prone environments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Understanding of functional trait contributions to seed yield and drought adaptations in common bean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi,
  • Tejaswini Voddu,
  • R. Surender,
  • Ndayizeye Viateur,
  • Mahalingam Govindaraj

摘要

Common bean is a major food crop and key protein source for over 300 million people, largely cultivated in drought-prone regions. Improving drought adaptation requires understanding genotypic variation in physiological efficiency, biomass allocation, and yield stability. This study aimed to identify traits and genotypes associated with superior performance under water limitation. A total of 22 genetically diverse genotypes including bush and climber types, market-class cultivars, and biofortified lines were evaluated under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) glasshouse conditions. Physiological traits [transpiration efficiency (TE), water-use efficiency (WUE), and SPAD at pod filling (SPAD_PF)], phenology, and agronomic traits [seed yield (SY), total biomass (TBM), and harvest index (HI)] were measured. Analyses focused on genotype × treatment interactions, trait relationships, and drought adaptation strategies. Significant genotype × treatment effects were detected for several traits, indicating diverse adaptive responses. Drought reduced SY by 46%, TBM by 38%, SPAD_PF by 23%, and HI by 11%. Under WW, SY was strongly associated with TBM (R2 = 0.76), whereas under WS it was more closely related to HI (R2 = 0.46). Genotypes RWR 3194, COLTA (RW-BB186), and RWR 5070 performed best under WS, combining high TE, early maturity, chlorophyll retention, HI, and SY. TE, HI, and SPAD_PF emerged as reliable physiological markers for breeding drought-resilient bean. The strong WS performance of biofortified lines highlights the potential to combine climate resilience with nutritional enhancement for stable production in drought-prone environments.

Graphical Abstract