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<p>This study reports a reproducible protocol for <i>in vitro</i> regeneration of <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>&#xa0;(L.) Pers. cv<i>.&#xa0;</i>Selection1 to screen glyphosate resistant mutants. It is a perennial turfgrass species used in sports and environment management. White translucent friable type of callus was obtained on MS medium with 18.10&#xa0;µM 2,4-D and 0.44&#xa0;µM BAP by using node as an explant. Highest number of shoots were obtained 0.44 μM concentration of BAP in MS medium and roots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.49&#xa0;µM IBA. Stepwise selection provided four mutant lines M1, M2 M3 and M4, which exhibited resistance to 0.4&#xa0;mM glyphosate <i>in vitro</i>. Further pot study proved the optimal resistance of M2 mutant line to the two doses of foliar spray with 0.04% glyphosate. Biochemical parameters revealed that mutant line M2 expressed more membrane stability, significantly higher membrane stability, chlorophyll content and EPSPS activity and comparable antioxidant enzyme levels, as compared to susceptible plants. This regenerated variant can offer substantial agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits, particularly in weed control.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of in vitro regeneration protocol and selection of glyphosate tolerant lines of Cynodon dactylon variety (L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Swati Patel,
  • Vimal Prajapati,
  • Vaibhavkumar Mehta,
  • Rameshchandra Patel

摘要

This study reports a reproducible protocol for in vitro regeneration of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Selection1 to screen glyphosate resistant mutants. It is a perennial turfgrass species used in sports and environment management. White translucent friable type of callus was obtained on MS medium with 18.10 µM 2,4-D and 0.44 µM BAP by using node as an explant. Highest number of shoots were obtained 0.44 μM concentration of BAP in MS medium and roots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.49 µM IBA. Stepwise selection provided four mutant lines M1, M2 M3 and M4, which exhibited resistance to 0.4 mM glyphosate in vitro. Further pot study proved the optimal resistance of M2 mutant line to the two doses of foliar spray with 0.04% glyphosate. Biochemical parameters revealed that mutant line M2 expressed more membrane stability, significantly higher membrane stability, chlorophyll content and EPSPS activity and comparable antioxidant enzyme levels, as compared to susceptible plants. This regenerated variant can offer substantial agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits, particularly in weed control.

Graphical abstract