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<p>Drought poses a significant challenge to global agriculture, severely impacting food security by disrupting crop growth and productivity. Under severe drought conditions, plants suffer disturbances in their functions, such as hindered biosynthetic pathways, decreased water/ion absorption and transport, and reduced photosynthetic efficiency, ultimately resulting in stunted growth and development. Plants employ various adaptive strategies to cope with drought, including morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular adjustments. They activate critical defense mechanisms like osmotic regulation through stomatal control, boosting antioxidant defenses, and modulating gene expression to alleviate stress impacts. On a molecular level, drought tolerance is a complex trait governed by multiple genes and shaped by diverse environmental influences. However, making traditional breeding for drought-tolerant varieties is a considerable task. However, modern molecular approaches, such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, marker-assisted selection, transcriptomic analysis, and genome editing, are pivotal for developing crops capable of withstanding drought stress. This review explores the recent findings of plant responses and adaptation under drought conditions and highlights key traits linked to drought tolerance used in plant breeding programs. Furthermore, it offers a brief insight into the molecular pathways involved in plant drought stress adaptation.</p>

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Decoding of physiological and molecular mechanisms for breeding of drought tolerant crops

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Ratnakumar Pasala,
  • Brij Bihari Pandey,
  • ChLN Manikanta,
  • Arun K. Shanker,
  • K. Ramesh,
  • Subramaniam Geethanjali,
  • Amaranatha R. Vennapusa,
  • Kalpalatha Melmaiee,
  • Pooja Srivastava,
  • Amber Gupta,
  • Yogeshwar Singh,
  • Sanket J. More,
  • Palchamy Kadirvel,
  • Sudhakar Chinta,
  • Sujatha Mulpuri,
  • P. V. Vara Prasad,
  • R. K. Mathur

摘要

Drought poses a significant challenge to global agriculture, severely impacting food security by disrupting crop growth and productivity. Under severe drought conditions, plants suffer disturbances in their functions, such as hindered biosynthetic pathways, decreased water/ion absorption and transport, and reduced photosynthetic efficiency, ultimately resulting in stunted growth and development. Plants employ various adaptive strategies to cope with drought, including morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular adjustments. They activate critical defense mechanisms like osmotic regulation through stomatal control, boosting antioxidant defenses, and modulating gene expression to alleviate stress impacts. On a molecular level, drought tolerance is a complex trait governed by multiple genes and shaped by diverse environmental influences. However, making traditional breeding for drought-tolerant varieties is a considerable task. However, modern molecular approaches, such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, marker-assisted selection, transcriptomic analysis, and genome editing, are pivotal for developing crops capable of withstanding drought stress. This review explores the recent findings of plant responses and adaptation under drought conditions and highlights key traits linked to drought tolerance used in plant breeding programs. Furthermore, it offers a brief insight into the molecular pathways involved in plant drought stress adaptation.