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<p>Extant literature on female entrepreneurship frequently overlooks the nuanced cognitive and structural mechanisms driving entrepreneurial intentions among structurally marginalized cohorts, such as housewives within informal economies. Grounded in the push-pull theory of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial cognition perspective, this study establishes a comprehensive framework to examine how technological competence, economic necessity, and opportunity recognition concurrently shape the entrepreneurial intentions of Malaysian housewives. Employing a cross-sectional research design, empirical data were gathered from 410 housewives via a purposive sampling technique and subjected to partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The structural model assessment reveals that technological competence exerts a significant direct influence on both economic necessity and opportunity recognition, while also maintaining a direct pathway to entrepreneurial intention. Crucially, the bootstrapping results confirm that both economic necessity and opportunity recognition act as significant parallel mediating mechanisms bridging capabilities and intent. Notably, the indirect path via opportunity recognition displays a profoundly stronger effect magnitude compared to the necessity-driven pathway. These findings advance the theoretical discourse on informal entrepreneurship by demonstrating that digital capability subtly reshapes socio-economic push factors while unlocking cognitive pull dynamics. Consequently, this study offers critical empirical insights for policymakers designing digital inclusion strategies and inclusive micro-entrepreneurship frameworks aimed at empowering vulnerable domestic cohorts.</p>

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Modelling entrepreneurial intention in informal economies: a PLS-SEM approach to technological competence, economic necessity, and opportunity recognition among Malaysian housewives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Hemavathi Gunasegaran,
  • Muhammad Hafiz Abd. Rashid,
  • Muhammad Iskandar Hamzah

摘要

Extant literature on female entrepreneurship frequently overlooks the nuanced cognitive and structural mechanisms driving entrepreneurial intentions among structurally marginalized cohorts, such as housewives within informal economies. Grounded in the push-pull theory of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial cognition perspective, this study establishes a comprehensive framework to examine how technological competence, economic necessity, and opportunity recognition concurrently shape the entrepreneurial intentions of Malaysian housewives. Employing a cross-sectional research design, empirical data were gathered from 410 housewives via a purposive sampling technique and subjected to partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The structural model assessment reveals that technological competence exerts a significant direct influence on both economic necessity and opportunity recognition, while also maintaining a direct pathway to entrepreneurial intention. Crucially, the bootstrapping results confirm that both economic necessity and opportunity recognition act as significant parallel mediating mechanisms bridging capabilities and intent. Notably, the indirect path via opportunity recognition displays a profoundly stronger effect magnitude compared to the necessity-driven pathway. These findings advance the theoretical discourse on informal entrepreneurship by demonstrating that digital capability subtly reshapes socio-economic push factors while unlocking cognitive pull dynamics. Consequently, this study offers critical empirical insights for policymakers designing digital inclusion strategies and inclusive micro-entrepreneurship frameworks aimed at empowering vulnerable domestic cohorts.