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Purpose of Review <p>The genus <i>Parkia</i>, a pivotal source of traditional medicine across Asia and Africa, produces a complex array of secondary metabolites responsible for its diverse pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. Despite the therapeutic potential of this genus, a fragmented understanding of its chemoprofiles persists. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of <i>Parkia</i> secondary metabolites across different plant parts, offering a critical analysis of the distribution and diversity of 503 documented compounds, including 11 novel structural formulas recently isolated from the stem bark, leaves, and roots of <i>Parkia</i> species. </p> Recent Findings <p>We mapped the relationships between plant parts, phytochemical methods, and 12 major metabolite classes. Our analysis revealed a striking chemotaxonomic divergence: phenolics and flavonoids are ubiquitous, whereas specialised metabolites, such as seed lectins, are tissue-specific. However, research bias toward aerial parts and reliance on conventional techniques have left significant knowledge gaps. </p> Summary <p> This review concludes by outlining future priorities, including the integration of advanced metabolomics and bioassay-guided fractionation to systematically explore understudied <i>Parkia</i> species and plant parts, thereby translating traditional knowledge into validated therapeutic leads.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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From Root to Pod: A Review of Plant Part-Specific Chemodiversity in Parkia Species

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Fitriani B,
  • Raja Farhana Raja Khairuddin,
  • Yuhanis Mhd Bakri,
  • Marina Mokhtar,
  • Nurhaida Kamaruddin,
  • Zahid Mat Said

摘要

Purpose of Review

The genus Parkia, a pivotal source of traditional medicine across Asia and Africa, produces a complex array of secondary metabolites responsible for its diverse pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. Despite the therapeutic potential of this genus, a fragmented understanding of its chemoprofiles persists. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of Parkia secondary metabolites across different plant parts, offering a critical analysis of the distribution and diversity of 503 documented compounds, including 11 novel structural formulas recently isolated from the stem bark, leaves, and roots of Parkia species.

Recent Findings

We mapped the relationships between plant parts, phytochemical methods, and 12 major metabolite classes. Our analysis revealed a striking chemotaxonomic divergence: phenolics and flavonoids are ubiquitous, whereas specialised metabolites, such as seed lectins, are tissue-specific. However, research bias toward aerial parts and reliance on conventional techniques have left significant knowledge gaps.

Summary

This review concludes by outlining future priorities, including the integration of advanced metabolomics and bioassay-guided fractionation to systematically explore understudied Parkia species and plant parts, thereby translating traditional knowledge into validated therapeutic leads.

Graphical Abstract