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<p>Research on cognitive abilities, including cognitive profiles, language, and executive functioning, of autistic females is still scarce and results are contrasting. We conducted a PRISMA systematic review, including 22 studies (agreement = 94,59%; Cohen’s Kappa = 0,89) from PubMed, PsycINFO, via EBSCO, and Scoups databases. Contrasting results emerged regarding profiles: preschoolers exhibit variability contingent upon the measurements employed. When considering school-aged participants, males seem to show greater scores in attention to detail. Regarding language, discrepancies emerge regarding its development and pragmatic abilities. Considering ecological Executive Functions, no significant sex-differences have been shown. Results are heterogeneous, evidence supports the presence of differences in attention to detail and cognitive flexibility. The direction of the differences cannot be clearly determined.</p>

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A systematic review and future research directions of sex differences in cognitive abilities of autistic children and adolescents

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Eleonora Paolizzi,
  • Francesca Anderle,
  • Arianna Bentenuto,
  • Laura Semenzin,
  • Paola Venuti

摘要

Research on cognitive abilities, including cognitive profiles, language, and executive functioning, of autistic females is still scarce and results are contrasting. We conducted a PRISMA systematic review, including 22 studies (agreement = 94,59%; Cohen’s Kappa = 0,89) from PubMed, PsycINFO, via EBSCO, and Scoups databases. Contrasting results emerged regarding profiles: preschoolers exhibit variability contingent upon the measurements employed. When considering school-aged participants, males seem to show greater scores in attention to detail. Regarding language, discrepancies emerge regarding its development and pragmatic abilities. Considering ecological Executive Functions, no significant sex-differences have been shown. Results are heterogeneous, evidence supports the presence of differences in attention to detail and cognitive flexibility. The direction of the differences cannot be clearly determined.