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Introduction <p>Anti-PD-1 agents, inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), significantly improve clinical outcomes and overall survival for individuals with several metastatic and early-stage cancers. This study evaluates the health impact of using anti-PD-1 agents for early-stage disease (ESD) treatment of melanoma (stage IIB–C and III), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Belgium (2023–2032).</p> Methods <p>Belgian individuals eligible for ESD treatment (target population) entered a Markov-based health outcomes model in a recurrence/event/disease-free state. The model compared anti-PD-1 agents only for metastatic disease treatment (reference scenario) versus anti-PD-1 agents for ESD treatment (ESD scenario) from 2023 to 2032. Clinical outcomes of the model included recurrence/event/disease-free life-years (LYs), total LYs, quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs), recurrences/events, active treatments for metastatic disease, and total deaths. The cumulative health impact of ESD anti-PD-1 treatment in Belgium was calculated as the difference in health outcomes between the ESD and reference scenarios for the time horizon.</p> Results <p>Of the 14,306 eligible individuals, 11,065 were predicted to initiate treatment with anti-PD-1 agents for ESD. Anti-PD-1 therapies for ESD increased recurrence/event/disease-free LYs (+13.4%), total LYs (+4.4%), and QALYs (+4.9%) after 10&#xa0;years. Additionally, ESD treatment decreased recurrences/events (−24.6%), active treatments for metastatic disease (−28.6%), and total deaths (−23.8% decrease) over 10&#xa0;years.</p> Conclusions <p>The investment in and use of innovative anti-PD-1 agents for the treatment of early-stage cancers would have a positive health impact for Belgium and align with the high standards in cancer care called for in Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan.</p>

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The Health Impact of Using Anti-PD-1 Agents to Treat Early-Stage Cancer in Belgium

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • André Bento-Abreu,
  • Saar Vandekeere,
  • Demet Sönmez,
  • Catarina Neves,
  • Tyler Mantaian,
  • Olivier Ethgen,
  • Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez

摘要

Introduction

Anti-PD-1 agents, inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), significantly improve clinical outcomes and overall survival for individuals with several metastatic and early-stage cancers. This study evaluates the health impact of using anti-PD-1 agents for early-stage disease (ESD) treatment of melanoma (stage IIB–C and III), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Belgium (2023–2032).

Methods

Belgian individuals eligible for ESD treatment (target population) entered a Markov-based health outcomes model in a recurrence/event/disease-free state. The model compared anti-PD-1 agents only for metastatic disease treatment (reference scenario) versus anti-PD-1 agents for ESD treatment (ESD scenario) from 2023 to 2032. Clinical outcomes of the model included recurrence/event/disease-free life-years (LYs), total LYs, quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs), recurrences/events, active treatments for metastatic disease, and total deaths. The cumulative health impact of ESD anti-PD-1 treatment in Belgium was calculated as the difference in health outcomes between the ESD and reference scenarios for the time horizon.

Results

Of the 14,306 eligible individuals, 11,065 were predicted to initiate treatment with anti-PD-1 agents for ESD. Anti-PD-1 therapies for ESD increased recurrence/event/disease-free LYs (+13.4%), total LYs (+4.4%), and QALYs (+4.9%) after 10 years. Additionally, ESD treatment decreased recurrences/events (−24.6%), active treatments for metastatic disease (−28.6%), and total deaths (−23.8% decrease) over 10 years.

Conclusions

The investment in and use of innovative anti-PD-1 agents for the treatment of early-stage cancers would have a positive health impact for Belgium and align with the high standards in cancer care called for in Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan.