<p>The high-speed centrifuge is widely used in the reagent layering and sample preparation process of medical experiments. However, with the increase in using frequency and duration, it will inevitably experience a series of malfunctions. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms of common faults occurred in the medical high-speed centrifuge usage, and put forward the corresponding diagnostic measures. The speed reading errors at low and high speed are analyzed, respectively, through D’Alembert principle and speed composition theorem. Employing the multi-scale and non-smooth analysis, the bursting oscillation mechanisms of harmful vibration occurred during the use of centrifuges as well as its corresponding physical meanings are discussed in detail. Besides, through numerical simulation, the importance of built-in anti-vibration system is verified. On this basis, it can be found that the harmful oscillation itself as well as the component damage caused by it belongs to the category of centrifuge failure, which can both hinder the reagent preparation process and generate potential safety hazards. Therefore, several feasible operations based on the oscillation mechanism analysis are proposed to detect and reduce mechanical failure.</p>