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<p>In latent thermal energy storage (LTES) systems, enhancing heat transfer is essential to improve the efficiency of thermal energy management technologies. The novelty of the present work lies in the combined numerical-experimental framework, where a 3D model is first validated for pure PCM in a pilot-scale concentric double-pipe heat exchanger and then extended to graphene-enhanced PCM to quantify the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction on both charging and discharging kinetics. The phase change process is modeled in Ansys Fluent using the enthalpy-porosity approach. Graphene (Gr) nanoparticles are dispersed in paraffin wax at volume fractions of 1%,3% and 5% to enhance its thermophysical properties. The temporal evolution of temperature, liquid fraction, heat flux and velocity are analyzed during both charging and discharging processes. The numerical model is validated against experimental results for pure paraffin, showing good agreement. Results show that graphene nanoparticles accelerate heat transfer and phase transition dynamics. Compared with pure paraffin, the melting rate increases by 18.18%, 27.74% and 25.96%, while the solidification rate improves by 17.64%, 25% and 20.48% for nanoparticle volume fractions of 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. The heat exchanger with graphene enhanced PCM shows promising thermal performance with a simple configuration suitable for domestic and renewable energy applications.</p>

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Numerical simulation and experimental validation of paraffin’s thermal behavior in a heat exchanger: impact of nanoparticles enhancement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Takwa Tabbassi,
  • Najoua Mekaddem,
  • Mohamed Salah Idrissi,
  • Hanen Nouri,
  • Samia Ben-Ali

摘要

In latent thermal energy storage (LTES) systems, enhancing heat transfer is essential to improve the efficiency of thermal energy management technologies. The novelty of the present work lies in the combined numerical-experimental framework, where a 3D model is first validated for pure PCM in a pilot-scale concentric double-pipe heat exchanger and then extended to graphene-enhanced PCM to quantify the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction on both charging and discharging kinetics. The phase change process is modeled in Ansys Fluent using the enthalpy-porosity approach. Graphene (Gr) nanoparticles are dispersed in paraffin wax at volume fractions of 1%,3% and 5% to enhance its thermophysical properties. The temporal evolution of temperature, liquid fraction, heat flux and velocity are analyzed during both charging and discharging processes. The numerical model is validated against experimental results for pure paraffin, showing good agreement. Results show that graphene nanoparticles accelerate heat transfer and phase transition dynamics. Compared with pure paraffin, the melting rate increases by 18.18%, 27.74% and 25.96%, while the solidification rate improves by 17.64%, 25% and 20.48% for nanoparticle volume fractions of 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. The heat exchanger with graphene enhanced PCM shows promising thermal performance with a simple configuration suitable for domestic and renewable energy applications.