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<p>Nanofluids minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) is an innovative and sustainable lubrication-cooling technology that can effectively reduce grinding temperature and improve the surface quality of workpieces. A critical limitation in existing research is that when analyzing the influence of MQL/NMQL grinding fluids on grinding temperature, researchers tend to focus unilaterally on either their lubrication performance or thermal conductivity, while the coupled effects of these two key factors—whose synergistic action determines the final grinding temperature—have been largely overlooked. This oversight impedes in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of grinding fluids and restricts their rational selection in engineering applications. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel comprehensive performance evaluation standard for MQL/NMQL grinding fluids based on the theory of grinding heat distribution. The core innovation of this work is the clarification of the coupled mechanism between the lubrication performance and thermal conductivity of grinding fluids on grinding temperature, which fills the research gap of neglecting their synergistic effects and overcomes the inherent limitations of traditional single-factor evaluation methods. Grinding experiments were conducted on quartz fiber-reinforced polyimide composites (QFRP) to validate the proposed standard. Experimental results indicate that the evaluation coefficients of different grinding fluids (palm oil, palm oil + CNTs, palm oil + SiC, palm oil + CuO, palm oil + Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) exhibit a significant correlation with grinding temperatures. Specifically, the NMQL-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> condition reduced the grinding temperature of QFRP to 89.06&#xa0;°C, which is 38% lower than that under conventional MQL conditions, accompanied by minimal damage to fibers and matrix and optimal surface smoothness. This research addresses the critical limitation of neglecting the coupled effects of lubrication performance and thermal conductivity in existing studies, provides a theoretical foundation for the design and selection of MQL/NMQL grinding fluids, and verifies the practical application value of the proposed evaluation standard through experiments on difficult-to-machine composites. It further deepens the understanding of NMQL action mechanisms and promotes the development of sustainable and high-efficiency grinding technology.</p>

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Effect of grinding fluids on temperature in nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication grinding of resin matrix composites: a synergistic tribological and thermal evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Guopeng Ma,
  • Bingyu Zhao,
  • Wangtao Han,
  • Hang Song,
  • Ben Wang

摘要

Nanofluids minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) is an innovative and sustainable lubrication-cooling technology that can effectively reduce grinding temperature and improve the surface quality of workpieces. A critical limitation in existing research is that when analyzing the influence of MQL/NMQL grinding fluids on grinding temperature, researchers tend to focus unilaterally on either their lubrication performance or thermal conductivity, while the coupled effects of these two key factors—whose synergistic action determines the final grinding temperature—have been largely overlooked. This oversight impedes in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of grinding fluids and restricts their rational selection in engineering applications. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel comprehensive performance evaluation standard for MQL/NMQL grinding fluids based on the theory of grinding heat distribution. The core innovation of this work is the clarification of the coupled mechanism between the lubrication performance and thermal conductivity of grinding fluids on grinding temperature, which fills the research gap of neglecting their synergistic effects and overcomes the inherent limitations of traditional single-factor evaluation methods. Grinding experiments were conducted on quartz fiber-reinforced polyimide composites (QFRP) to validate the proposed standard. Experimental results indicate that the evaluation coefficients of different grinding fluids (palm oil, palm oil + CNTs, palm oil + SiC, palm oil + CuO, palm oil + Al2O3) exhibit a significant correlation with grinding temperatures. Specifically, the NMQL-Al2O3 condition reduced the grinding temperature of QFRP to 89.06 °C, which is 38% lower than that under conventional MQL conditions, accompanied by minimal damage to fibers and matrix and optimal surface smoothness. This research addresses the critical limitation of neglecting the coupled effects of lubrication performance and thermal conductivity in existing studies, provides a theoretical foundation for the design and selection of MQL/NMQL grinding fluids, and verifies the practical application value of the proposed evaluation standard through experiments on difficult-to-machine composites. It further deepens the understanding of NMQL action mechanisms and promotes the development of sustainable and high-efficiency grinding technology.