This work presents a novel analytical investigation of Love-type wave propagation in a layered structure consisting of a functionally graded piezomagnetic fiber-reinforced composite layer bonded to a functionally graded piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite substrate. Unlike existing studies that primarily consider homogeneous or singly graded media, the present model simultaneously accounts for functional gradation in both the guiding layer and the substrate, with all material properties assumed to vary sinusoidally along the thickness direction. The FGPMFRC layer is composed of \(\mathrm{CoFe}_2\mathrm{O}_4\) -epoxy, while the FGPFRC substrate consists of \(\mathrm {BaTiO}_3\) -epoxy materials. Material constants are evaluated using the stiffness matrix method in conjunction with the rule of mixtures. Additionally, the influence of an impulsive line source is incorporated into the formulation, which has not been previously addressed for such functionally graded piezoelectric-piezomagnetic composite systems. The dispersion relation for Love-type waves is analytically derived using the Fourier transform and Green’s function technique, formulated to incorporate functional grading and coupled magneto-electro-elastic effects in fiber-reinforced composites, together with appropriate boundary conditions and is shown to reduce to the classical Love-wave equation as a limiting case, thereby validating the model. The effects of functional grading parameters, magnifying parameter, and volume fractions of both the layer and the substrate on phase velocity are examined analytically and graphically, revealing the role of piezomagnetic-piezoelectric coupling and composite reinforcement in modulating Love-wave dispersion beyond conventional parameter variation effects. The results provide useful insights for the design and optimization of advanced piezoelectric-piezomagnetic sensors and transducers.
