<p>This study examines theoretical approaches for determining cutting temperature in the machining of titanium alloys, with a particular focus on their adaptation to the titanium grade VT3-1 (Ti-6Al-3Cr-3Mo). A comparative analysis of theoretical predictions and experimental temperature data obtained during the machining of titanium alloys was performed. Special attention is given to the heat-generation mechanisms specific to titanium machining, including the effects of low thermal conductivity, high chemical reactivity, thermal balance in the cutting zone, and chip–tool contact phenomena. Three analytical approaches for temperature prediction are reviewed: the models developed by A.N. Reznikov, V.A. Krivoukhov, and J. Cook. Numerical calculations and comparison with available experimental data show that the analytical models—particularly Reznikov’s method–demonstrate good agreement with empirical results across a wide range of cutting speeds. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the methodological adaptation of classical temperature-prediction models (Reznikov, Krivoukhov and Cook) to the titanium alloy VT3-1 and their direct comparison with empirical relationships, which made it possible to refine the applicability range of analytical methods under practical machining conditions. The study reveals that the largest discrepancies between theoretical and experimental temperatures occur at low cutting speeds, mainly due to insufficient consideration of friction, adhesion, and thermal contact resistance. The obtained results clarify the limitations of existing models and justify the need for further refinement of predictive approaches. The findings are of practical significance for improving the accuracy of temperature estimation and optimizing machining parameters for titanium alloys.</p>