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<p>In coastal and humid areas, people face a challenge in accessing clean drinking water, particularly in regions with humidity exceeding 70%. This study aimed a refrigeration effect using the Peltier device to cool the surface and condense moisture to design, develop, and test a thermoelectric-based air-to-water generator that gives from surrounding humid air. A prototype of an air-to-water generator, consisting of two TEC1-12706 (Thermoelectric) modules measuring 40mm x 40mm, each attached to a heat sink and placed parallel to each other, separated by a water block, has been assembled and tested. The system operates on the principle of condensation, where the water block is attached to the thermoelectric module’s cold side, which reduces the coolant’s temperature below its dew point. This cooled coolant is then circulated through copper tubes, where it undergoes condensation. The research findings revealed that the system’s performance was influenced by relative humidity, air flow rate, ambient temperature, and heat ejection rate. The prototype performed efficiently at higher relative humidity levels, generating over 190 ml of water per hour at an ambient temperature of 30°C and 85% relative humidity. However, the system consumed approximately 0.434 kWh/L of electricity. The cost per liter of water produced was estimated at $ 0.043, with an electricity cost of $ 0.10, resulting in a total system cost of approximately $ 46.60. The study also revealed that the system’s surface temperatures were low at higher relative humidity levels, enhancing performance, while the ambient temperature had an inverse effect on the system’s performance. Additionally, voltage had an inverse relationship with the module’s Coefficient of Performance. The comparison with existing studies shows that the current system offers better performance at a lower cost, avoiding the use of moving parts and refrigerants —a notable innovation in the system. Thus, the technology demonstrates that decentralized water generation in hot and humid regions can be achieved in a sustainable and affordable manner.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Design and performance analysis of low-power thermoelectric-based sustainable water generator: an experimental study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Sanjeev Kumar,
  • Minesh Vohra

摘要

In coastal and humid areas, people face a challenge in accessing clean drinking water, particularly in regions with humidity exceeding 70%. This study aimed a refrigeration effect using the Peltier device to cool the surface and condense moisture to design, develop, and test a thermoelectric-based air-to-water generator that gives from surrounding humid air. A prototype of an air-to-water generator, consisting of two TEC1-12706 (Thermoelectric) modules measuring 40mm x 40mm, each attached to a heat sink and placed parallel to each other, separated by a water block, has been assembled and tested. The system operates on the principle of condensation, where the water block is attached to the thermoelectric module’s cold side, which reduces the coolant’s temperature below its dew point. This cooled coolant is then circulated through copper tubes, where it undergoes condensation. The research findings revealed that the system’s performance was influenced by relative humidity, air flow rate, ambient temperature, and heat ejection rate. The prototype performed efficiently at higher relative humidity levels, generating over 190 ml of water per hour at an ambient temperature of 30°C and 85% relative humidity. However, the system consumed approximately 0.434 kWh/L of electricity. The cost per liter of water produced was estimated at $ 0.043, with an electricity cost of $ 0.10, resulting in a total system cost of approximately $ 46.60. The study also revealed that the system’s surface temperatures were low at higher relative humidity levels, enhancing performance, while the ambient temperature had an inverse effect on the system’s performance. Additionally, voltage had an inverse relationship with the module’s Coefficient of Performance. The comparison with existing studies shows that the current system offers better performance at a lower cost, avoiding the use of moving parts and refrigerants —a notable innovation in the system. Thus, the technology demonstrates that decentralized water generation in hot and humid regions can be achieved in a sustainable and affordable manner.

Graphical abstract